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    The Sense of Balance

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    Dwiki Hartanto
    This document discusses the physiology of equilibrium. It explains that there are two kinds of equilibrium: dynamic and static. Dynamic equilibrium is controlled by the semicircular canals in the inner ear and detects head rotation. Static equilibrium is controlled by the utricle and saccule in the vestibule and detects the position of the head. Hair cells in the vestibular apparatus detect movement and send signals via the vestibular nerve to regions of the brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex involved in balance and posture.

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    The Sense of Balance

    Uploaded by

    Dwiki Hartanto
    19 views13 pages
    This document discusses the physiology of equilibrium. It explains that there are two kinds of equilibrium: dynamic and static. Dynamic equilibrium is controlled by the semicircular canals in the inner ear and detects head rotation. Static equilibrium is controlled by the utricle and saccule in the vestibule and detects the position of the head. Hair cells in the vestibular apparatus detect movement and send signals via the vestibular nerve to regions of the brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex involved in balance and posture.

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    balance

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    01. the Sense of Balance

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    This document discusses the physiology of equilibrium. It explains that there are two kinds of equilibrium: dynamic and static. Dynamic equilibrium is controlled by the semicircular canals in the inner ear and detects head rotation. Static equilibrium is controlled by the utricle and saccule in the vestibule and detects the position of the head. Hair cells in the vestibular apparatus detect movement and send signals via the vestibular nerve to regions of the brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex involved in balance and posture.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    19 views13 pages

    The Sense of Balance

    Uploaded by

    Dwiki Hartanto
    This document discusses the physiology of equilibrium. It explains that there are two kinds of equilibrium: dynamic and static. Dynamic equilibrium is controlled by the semicircular canals in the inner ear and detects head rotation. Static equilibrium is controlled by the utricle and saccule in the vestibule and detects the position of the head. Hair cells in the vestibular apparatus detect movement and send signals via the vestibular nerve to regions of the brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex involved in balance and posture.

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    Physiology of Equilibrium

    Ieva B. Akbar – Departement of Physiology


    The Sense of Balance
    Standing, postural control, and many normal
    movements often must occur occur against
    the earth‘s gravity force.

    Several sensory and motor mechanisms have


    evolved to counter and adapt to this force.
    For example, the general propioceptive sense
    organs in joints, and a special sense organ
    vestibular apparatus.
    PHYSIOLOGY OF EQUILIBRIUM

    Two kinds of equilibrium:


    1. Dynamic equilibrium
    2. Static equilibrium

    Receptor: Hair cells in Vestibular


    Apparatus (semicircular ducts,
    utricle, saccule)
    INNER EAR (INTERNAL EAR)
    HAIR CELL

    Kinocilium
    Stereocilia
    Dynamic equilibrium
    • controlled by semicircular canals
    – ducts (3) oriented in three dimensions
    • base of ducts called ampulla
    • small hair cells embedded in fluid called cupula
    – rotation causes fluid in ducts to flow over cupula
    – cupula moves bending hairs
    – hairs transmit impulses to brain
    Static equilibrium

    • function of the vestibule


    – contains saccule and utricle
    – small membranous sacs
    – contains hair cells embedded in gelatinous material
    • otolithic membrane
    • otoliths (CaCO3) rest on otolithic membrane
    – head tilt moves otoliths
    – otoliths move hairs
    – hairs send impulses to brain for interpretation
    NEURAL PATHWAYS

    • Vestibular tract  the brainstem, spinal cord,


    cerebellum, and cerebral cortex
    • Each vestibular nerve consist of 19,000 nerve fibers
    • Cell bodies lay in the vestibular ganglion, near the
    membranous labyrinth.
    • Vestibular nerve  upper medulla oblongata
     (four) vestibular nuclei in the upper
    lateral medulla oblongata
     Specific regions of the cerebellum
    The End

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