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    Chapter 2 Rizal

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    mixmasher2000
    The document provides details about the 19th century in the Philippines under Spanish rule. It discusses the social structure, which was feudalistic and based on exploitation. It also describes the educational and political systems implemented by Spain during this time, including taxes collected from Filipinos. Overall, the document outlines some of the key aspects of Philippine society and governance during the 19th century under Spanish colonial rule.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Chapter 2 Rizal

    Uploaded by

    mixmasher2000
    199 views32 pages
    The document provides details about the 19th century in the Philippines under Spanish rule. It discusses the social structure, which was feudalistic and based on exploitation. It also describes the educational and political systems implemented by Spain during this time, including taxes collected from Filipinos. Overall, the document outlines some of the key aspects of Philippine society and governance during the 19th century under Spanish colonial rule.

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    The document provides details about the 19th century in the Philippines under Spanish rule. It discusses the social structure, which was feudalistic and based on exploitation. It also describes the educational and political systems implemented by Spain during this time, including taxes collected from Filipinos. Overall, the document outlines some of the key aspects of Philippine society and governance during the 19th century under Spanish colonial rule.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    199 views32 pages

    Chapter 2 Rizal

    Uploaded by

    mixmasher2000
    The document provides details about the 19th century in the Philippines under Spanish rule. It discusses the social structure, which was feudalistic and based on exploitation. It also describes the educational and political systems implemented by Spain during this time, including taxes collected from Filipinos. Overall, the document outlines some of the key aspects of Philippine society and governance during the 19th century under Spanish colonial rule.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    THE19TH CENTURY

    (THE BIRTH OF
    MODERNITY)
    19th century Philippines was largely medieval, although sign of
    progress or change were noted in certain sectors and its social
    and economic structure were based on the old feudalistic
    patterns of abuse and exploitation of the Indio.

    Was precipitated by three great revolutions around the


    world: (Industrial Revolution in England, French Revolution and
    American Revolution)
    Late 18th century – the time when the political and economic change began to
    affect Spain, Ph and its other colonies. The gradual elimination of Monopoly –
    was the important stimulus to trade.

    New Class – Was the result of the growth of commercial agriculture


    Public Education in Ph and even the Church controlled the curriculum
    Also, the time when the sons of wealthy families were sent to Europe to study
    Nationalism and a passion for reform blossomed in the liberal atmosphere
    Propaganda Movement – Arose out of the talented group
    of overseas Filipino students.
    Jose Rizal, this movements most brilliant figure produced two political
    novels.
    Noli Me Tangere (1886; Touch Me Not)
    El Filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed)
    La Liga Filipina was founded by Rizal

    Andres Bonifacio
    Self-educated warehouse

    Katipunan
    Was dedicated to the expulsion of the Spanish from islands, and prepa
    ration were made for armed revolt.
    GALLEON TRADE
    GALLEON TRADE (MANILA – ACAPULCO TRADE)

    The longest running shipping line of its time which existed for roughly
    150 years.

    The Last Galleon arrived in Manila in 1815 and by mid - 30’s Manila was ope
    n to foreign merchants almost without restriction. The demand for Philippine
    sugar and abaca (hemp) grew, and the volume of exports to Europe expand
    even further after the completion of the Suez canal in 1869.

    Profile of Manila Galleon Trade


    Manila Galleons 1565 – 1815 were large Spanish ships that sailed across the
    pacific between new spain (Mexico) and the Philippines. They allowed Spain
    to trade with east asia without using Portuguese trade routes. They brought
    Asians to arrive in North America after colombus.
    1994, Pope Alexander VI issued “inter caetera” dividing the Americas bet
    ween Portugal and spain.

    In 1521, Magellan discovered a westward route

    1565, Andres Urdaneta discovered the eastward route

    These discoveries led to Manila Galleon Trade.

    Most Manila Galleons were built in the Philippines and manned by Filipino
    crews. Chinese merchants would also board ships, sometimes bringing
    goods from Mexico back to china.

    Goods from Asia bound for Europe.


    Nick Joaquin
    - Noted first medium to reduce the world village
    Almacenes Reales
    - Items from all over the globe docked in Manila
    - Fort Santiago, Intramuros
    Fray Andres De Urdaneta
    - A well-known circumnavigator before his stint as an Augustinia
    n priest, The galleons, (one at a time) PH to Mexico
    - Discovered the east ward route
    November 21, 1564
    The day they left Mexico
    San Pedro along with San Pablo, San Lucas and San Juan
    They noticed something about our country that we had fantastic trading
    system

    Benito Legarda
    Cited that during Galleon trade, ninety percent of goods arriving in PH
    were Mexican.
    -Piece of Gold in China was equivalent to 6 to 8 pcs of silver.
    -Piece of Gold in Europe was equivalent to 13 pcs of silver.
    Manila
    Declared as the center commerce in the east

    Manila – Acapulco
    250, 000 pesos worth of goods, spending 90 days at sea.

    Acapulco – Manila
    500,000 pesos worth of good, spending 120 days at sea.

    Spice Islands
    Eastern Indonesia
    SUEZ CANAL
    • One of the most important water ways in the world. (1859 – 1869)
    • It connects Mediterranean Sea and Red sea and shortens the road
    between south Asia and Europe significantly.
    • It was a dream of Napoleon and Muhammad Ali of Egypt

    Importance:
    In Europe sues canal is very important for the oil and trade with Asia becaus
    e it reduces its distance from this country, therefore, companies reduce fuel
    payment, spend fewer days in the transport of their products and as a result
    growing world economies. On the other hand, US needs the Suez Canal for
    transporting troops and military equipment to Afghanistan.

    Illustrador
    Filipinos with money and Education
    Social Structure
    During the 19 Century
    th
    Social Structure

    Feudalistic – the results of the Peninsulares


    Spanish landholding system imp
    osed upon the country with the
    arrival of the conquistadores. Insulares

    Master-Slave Relationship
    Indio
    Apex:

    Spanish Peninsulares
    Limpieza de Sangre (Pure Blood)
    The Spaniards born in Spain occupying the highest position in the social
    structure together with other Europeos on non-Spanish Europeans.

    Spanish Insulares
    Hijos del Pais (Sons of the Country)
    Spaniards born in the PH from full blooded Spanish parents.
    Middle:

    Spanish Mestizos
    Offspring of Spanish father and Indio Mother

    Mestizo de Sangleyes
    Offspring of Spanish-Chinese parents.

    Mestizos Indios
    Offspring of Chinese-Indio Mixtures
    Base:
    Indios
    – Native Country
    Indio Natural
    Originated from Malay race and considered as Filipino today
    - Plain Indios – those natives who had converted to Roman Catholicism and settled
    in a town under the bajo las Campanas (under the sound of the bell)
    - The Highest position available to plain indios is Gobenadorcillo
    - Infieles – refers to the pagans who resisted the indoctrination and lived outside
    the Spanish control maintaining their culture, religion and lifeways.
    • Indio Sangleye
    pure blooded Chinese or Japanese who arrived in PH to trade and escape the hege
    mony of dynasties and Shoguns. Lowest within the social structure.
    Educational Decree of 1863
    Marked a milestone in the history of education in the PH under Spain

    Moret Decree of 1870


    Which intended to secularize higher education in the colony.
    POLITICAL SYSTEM
    Ministro de Ultramar (Ministry of Colonies)
    It helped governed the Ph through centralized government in
    Manila.

    Governador Heneral
    Appointed by the King to head the central administration. King’
    s Representative.
    Also acted as the Vice-Royal Patron Over the Religious matter –
    Gave him the prerogative to nominate priests to ecclesiastical p
    ositions and control the finances of the mission.
    Alcaldias (Provincial Government)
    Led by Alcaldes Mayores (civil governors)

    Cabildo or Ayuntamiento – City Government administered by 2 Alcaldes


    en Ordinario (Mayor and Vice Mayor) were both
    executive and chief judicial magistrate.
    Pueblo - The local Government Unit
    - Composed of Barangay
    Gobernadorcillo - Capitan (Chief executive and chief judge of
    pueblo. Highest position in the government to which the native could be
    appointed.
    Barangay or Barrio – it is the smallest unit of government.
    Headed by the cabeza de barangay (Filipino and Chinese
    mestizos)

    Guardia Civil - Corps of pueblo


    Their duty is to serve as nights sentries in town or as watchman of casa
    tribunal.

    Royal Audiencia - Highest Judicial body


    Acted as auditor of finances of government
    BIGOTRY
    OF SPANISH
    TRIBUTE OR TRIBUTO
    Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
    Was first to order the payment of tribute, both in the Visayas and Luzon.

    TYPES OF BUWIS
    Direct Taxes
    - Income tax and Personal Tribute

    Indirect Taxes - Customs duties


    bandala taxes (special taxes collected from the natives) – it is an annual
    enforced sale or requisitioning of goods, particularly of rice or coconut oil,
    in the case of tayabas. Monopolies of special crops (rentas encantadas)
    Buwis collected from the natives both in:

    Specie – gold or money


    Kind – rice, cloth, chicken, coconut oil, abaca etc.

    Cedula Personal – (Personal Identity Paper)


    Resembles with the present community residence or residence tax today
    which replaces the tribute.

    The tribute collectors who often abuse their offices by collecting


    more than the law required and appropriating the difference:
    Alcaldes, Mayors, Encomenderos, Gobernadorcillos, Cabezas
    ENCOMIENDA - Comes from the Spanish word encomendar which
    means to “entrust”

    It is a grant of inhabitants living conquered territory which Spain gave


    to Spanish colonizer as a reward from his services.
    A gesture of gratitude but it is not a land grant but a grant to exercise
    control over a specific place
    Two kinds

    Royal Encomiendas
    which consisted of big cities, seaports and inhabitants of regions rich
    in natural resources were owned by the king.

    Private Encomiendas
    Were owned by private individuals or charitable institutions

    • POLO (Forced Labor)


    Is actually a corruption of the tagalog word “Pulong” which originally
    means meaning of persons and things or community labor.
    King Ferdinand VII
    Violently opposed the liberal reforms granted by the French provincial
    government.

    The 35-year by Queen Isabella II marked five by successive military


    politicians:
    Baldomero Espartero – Moderate
    Ramon Ma. Narvaez – cruel and vindictive reactionary
    Leopoldo O’Donnell – Moderate and Reactionary Tendencies
    Francisco Serrano and Juan Prim – Both Liberal
    Governor General Carlos Ma. De la Torre
    Was appointed by the provisional government in Spain as Governor
    General of the Philippines. His greatest achievement was the
    peaceful solution to the land problem in Cavite. (due to the Filipino
    tenants who lost their land had been oppressed by Spanish Landlords

    Eduardo Camerino
    local hero that led to Agrarian uprisings
    Bourbons Reforms

    - also known in Castilan as Reformas Borbonicas


    - were a series of economic and political changes that the Spanish
    Crown under the House of Bourbon made during 18th century.
    - Promotes economic and political development.
    SPANISH CORTES 1812 PROMULGATING THE CADIZ
    CONSTITUTION
    Pedro Perez De Tagle and Jose Manuel Coretto.
    The 1st Philippine delegates who took their oath of office in Madrid.

    Cadiz Constitution
    Established principles of:
    • Universal male suffrage
    • National sovereignty
    • Constitutional Monarchy and Freedom of the Press
    • Land Reform and Free Enterprise.
    It also embodied in this constitution was the exemption if the natives from
    paying tributes and rendering public services based on its equality cause.
    Don Ventura De los Reyes

    - A wealthy merchant and member of the Royal Corps of Artillery of Manila,


    as deputy
    - Born in Vigan
    - Son of poor Ilocano Parents
    - took part in Ilocos Revolt led by Diego Silang.
    End
    Of Chapter 2

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