LIBERATION MOVEMENT Social Work

Reporters:
Marco, Ria and Donna

• The act or process of
freeing someone or
something from another’s
control .
• The act of liberating

someone or something
• The removal of traditional

social or sexual rules,
attitudes, etc.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
• The act or process of
moving people or things
from one place or position
to another.
• The act of moving from one

place or position to another.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
• The division of the globe into
nation-states, many of the wars
among these states, and the
hundreds of historical and
contemporary conflicts among
states and ethnic groups—in
short, fundamental aspects of
the modern world—cannot be
understood without also
understanding liberation
movements.
• A liberation movement is a
type of social movement that
seeks territorial independence
or enhanced political or
cultural autonomy (or rights of
various types) within an
existing nation-state for a
particular national, ethnic, or
racial group.
• The term has also been
extended to or adopted by
other types of groups (e.g.,
women and gays and lesbians)
that seek to free themselves
from various forms of
domination and discrimination.
• Liberation movements
demonstrate human agency on
a collective level. In spite of
their embeddedness in harshly
repressive state, these
contentious movements
challenge that states’ status
qou and are able to make
things happen by their
synchronized mass action.
• CJ Montiel and AMG Rodriguez

1.National Liberation
Movements
Those that aim to free nations

from colonial occupation and
unilateral direct exploitation
• Some national liberation
movements are based on
identification with and loyalty
to a population and “its” state
(or prospective state),
regardless of the ethnic or
racial composition of this
population. The national
feeling and identity underlying
such movements is sometimes
called “civic nationalism”
Moro National Liberation Front
• The Moro National Liberation Front
(MNLF) is an Islamic separatist
organization based in the southern
Philippines. It seeks an independent
Islamic state or autonomous region
for the Filipino Muslim minority,
known as the Moro people, who live
primarily in the Philippines’ Mindanao
region. Beginning in the 1970s, the MNLF
was the Moro separatist movement’s
leading organization for about two
decades
Formed 1972
MNLF Disbanded
First Attack
Group is active
October 21, 1972: The
MNLF launched an attack
on various targets in
Marawi City, including the
Philippine Constabulary, a
government radio station,
and a state university.
(unknown killed, unknown
wounded)
Last Attack September 9, 2013: Forces
from Nur Misuari’s MNLF
faction entered Zamboanga
City, attacking government
forces and ultimately taking
about 300 civilian hostages.
Fighting lasted until
September 28. (6+ killed,
24 wounded)
Updated August 14, 2015
2.Social Liberation
Movements.
• fundamentally anti-imperialist,
internationalist movements
against capitalism and the
fundamental economic
structures of society.
• The word liberation, originally meaning “setting free or releasing
from,” first entered the English language in the fifteenth century. The
term was not widely used in a political sense until the mid-nineteenth
century and especially the mid-twentieth century. National liberation
movements can, however, be traced back to the late eighteenth
century. The temporal and geographic span of such movements—
ranging from the North and South American wars of independence in
the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries to the related (but
distinct) European nation-building processes of the mid- and late
nineteenth century and continuing through the decolonization struggles
in Asia and Africa in the mid-twentieth century and beyond—raises
the question of just how similar these movements actually are.
• What causes liberation
movements?
THE ORIGINS
OF LIBERATION
MOVEMENTS • Why do they arise when and
where they do?
• Many scholars would argue that liberation movements
arise for the same reasons any social movement
emerges: widespread grievances, plus a preexisting
collective identity (in this case, a widespread national
or ethnic identity), plus some significant formal or
informal organization or social ties among this self-
identified population, plus a sense of political
empowerment or efficacy, plus a political context that
facilitates (or at least is not inimical to) collective
action.
• As noted, however, national or ethnic identities may be more of
an outcome than the initial cause of liberation movements. That
is, liberation movements may initially focus on very specific
grievances and only gradually address more general
grievances and evolve into movements claiming to represent the
aspirations of a national or ethnic group as such. During and
after the transformation of such movements into national or
ethnic movements, they typically help spread a sense of
national or ethnic identity to growing numbers of people.
Nationalist identities and movements, in short, typically evolve
contemporaneously.
• The political exclusion and domination of particular ethnic
groups, on an explicitly ethnic basis, is also likely to encourage
ethnonationalist identities and movements for political rights.
Overseas imperialism in its colonial form strongly encouraged
the formation of national identities and liberation movements
even among groups that did not previously consider themselves
members of the same group (the boundaries of colonies were
typically established with little regard for the ethnic composition
of the local populations). Identities such
as“Indonesian” and “Mozambican”—let alone liberation
movements based on these identities—did not exist prior to the
creation of colonial states.
• The strategies of liberation movements have generally been shaped
by their organizational strength as well as by the responses of
authorities (Irvin 1999). Some authorities have seen political
advantages to extending rights to liberation movements or even
granting territorial independence in colonial situations. Not
surprisingly, authorities have been more accommodating to narrowly
political movements, dominated by economic elites, that do not
challenge the economic well-being of these authorities and their
constituents. By contrast, authorities have strongly and usually
violently resisted liberation movements that represent a threat to their
economic interests, and such resistance has generally induced
liberation movements to adopt more coercive strategies of their own,
including forms of armed struggle such as guerrilla warfare and
terrorism—the latter strategy especially common in colonies with
large settler populations.
• many liberation movements are based on identification
with and loyalty to a specific ethnic or racial group
that may or may not live within the jurisdiction of a
single state.
• In fact bringing all co-ethnics within a single nation-

state, through territorial expansion if need be, has
been the aim of a number of nationalist movements.
This type of national identity is often called “ethnic
nationalism.”
• In an age of increasing globalization, some have suggested that
the relative importance of nation-states is declining, as states
find it increasingly difficult to control the movements of labor,
commodities, and especially capital. In this view, the advantages
of creating or controlling states (or subnational political units)
are rapidly decreasing. And yet there are numerous instances
of ongoing national liberation and ethnonational movements
around the world.
• 2008 Thomson Gale.
• International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
• http://www.encyclopedia.com
• https://aphvan.wordpress.com/our-strategy-for-
change/solidarity-to-international-social-movements/

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Reporters:

Marco, Ria and Donna

• The act of liberating

• The removal of traditional

• The act of moving from one

• CJ Montiel and AMG Rodriguez

Those that aim to free nations

• In fact bringing all co-ethnics within a single nation-

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