Tablets

Presented By,
Muhammad Waleed & Shakir Jamal

Introduction:
 Tablets are solid dosage forms consisting
of active ingredient(s) and suitable
pharmaceutical excipients.
 They may vary in size, shape, weight,
hardness, thickness, disintegration and
dissolution characteristics, and in other
aspects.
 They may be classified, according to the
method of manufacture, as compressed
tablets or molded tablets.
Advantages:
 Production aspect:
 Large scale production at lowest cost
 Easiest and cheapest to package and ship
 High stability
 User aspect: (doctor, pharmacist, patient)

 Easy to handling
 Lightest and most compact
 Greatest dose precision & least content variability
Disadvantages:
 Difficult swallow in case of children and unconscious patients.
 Some drugs resist compression into dense compacts.
 Drugs with poor wetting, slow dissolution, intermediate to large
dosages may be difficult or impossible to formulate and
manufacture as a tablet that provide adequate or full drug
bioavailability.
 Bitter taste drugs, drugs with an objectionable odor, or
sensitive to oxygen or moisture may require encapsulation or
entrapment prior to compression or the tablets may require
coating.
Types of tablets: ( based on use )
 Ingested orally  Used in oral cavity
• Compressed tablet  Buccal tablet
• Multiple compressed tablet
 Sublingual tablet
• Enteric coated tablets
 Lozenges
• Sugar coated tablet
 Dental cone
• Film coated tablet
 Used to prepare solution
• Chewable tablet
• Targeted tablets  Effervescent tablet
 Administered by other  Dispensing tablet
route  Hypodermic tablet
• Implants
• Vaginal tablet
Chewable tablets : Tablets are to be broken and
chewed in between the teeth before ingestion.
Implants : A small tablet that is prepared for

insertion under the skin by giving a small surgical
cut into the skin which is stitched after the
insertion of the tablet.
Dental cones: They are meant for placement in

the empty sockets after tooth extraction.
Effervescent tablet : The tablet that contains

acid substances and carbonate or hydrogen
carbonate that react rapidly in the presence of
water to release carbon dioxide.
Excipients: (Additives )
Excipients are substances, other than the active drug
substance, that have been appropriately evaluated for
safety and are included in drug delivery systems:
 To aid in the processing of the drug delivery system during its

manufacture.
 To protect, support, or enhance stability, bioavailability or
patient acceptability.
 To assist in product identification
Excipient functions:
Compressed tablet manufacturing
The classification of manufacturing methods :
wet granulation: suitable for drugs that are stable

to moisture and heat
Granulation
dry granulation: suitable for drugs that are sensitive
to moisture and heat
powder compression : suitable for drugs that are
Direct sensitive to moisture and heat, fill material
compression possessing, good flowability and compressibility
crystal compression：suitable for drugs with
proper crystal form and good flowability
Tablet pressing:
Single – punch press:
Single punch tablet press also called eccentric
press or single station press is the simplest
machine for tablet manufacturing. Single
punch tablet as the name implies employ single
set of station tooling that is a die and a pair of
upper and lower punches. The compaction
force on the fill material is exerted by only the
upper punch while the lower punch is static;
such action equivalent to hammering motion
and as a result, the single punch press is
referred to as stamping process. The single
punch tablet press produce about 60-85
tablets/min.
Tablet coating:
The reasons for tablet coating:
1) to protect the medicinal agent against destructive
exposure to air and/or humidity.
2) to mask the taste of the drug.
3) to provide special characteristics of drug release.
4) to provide aesthetics or distinction to the product.
5) to prevent inadvertent contact by non-patients with
the drug substance
The general methods involved in coating tablets are as
follows:
 sugarcoating tablets
 film-coating tablets
 fluid-bed or air suspension coating
 compression coating
How tablet works in our body ?
When you swallow a pill, it travels through the stomach and small
intestine into the liver, which breaks it down and releases the
remnants into the blood stream. Even though drugs travel in the
blood throughout our body, each drug is designed to target certain
protein molecules called receptors. They search out specific receptors
generated by pain and inflammation as they course through the
blood stream.
Thank You 

Tablets

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Tablets

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Presented By,

Muhammad Waleed & Shakir Jamal

 User aspect: (doctor, pharmacist, patient)

 Administered by other  Dispensing tablet

route  Hypodermic tablet

Implants : A small tablet that is prepared for

Dental cones: They are meant for placement in

Effervescent tablet : The tablet that contains

 To aid in the processing of the drug delivery system during its

wet granulation: suitable for drugs that are stable

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