CNC Classification PPT Hard

CNC MACHINE
SUBJECT : SPECIAL MANCHINES ( SEMINAR)

BATCH NO : 8 BRANCH : DME SEM: 4th YEAR: 2ND
SI NO REGISTER NUMBER STUDENTS NAME TEACHER SIGNATURE
1
2
3
4
5
WHAT IS A CNC MACHINE ?
HISTORY
1955 - US Air Force define a need to develop a machine tool capable of
machining complex and close tolerance aircraft parts.
1959 - MIT is the contractor and builds the machine for the project. MIT
announces Automatic Programmed Tools (APT) programming language
1960 - Direct Numerical Control (DNC). This eliminates paper tape and allows
programmers to send files directly to machine tools
1980’s - CNC machine is introduced. Unix and PC based systems
1997 - PC- Windows operating system is attached to cnc

TYPES OF CNC MACHINE
Turning Centers
Milling Centers
Vertical Machining Centers
Horizontal Machining Centers
Drilling Machines
EDM Machines
Laser-Cutting Machines
TURNING CENTRE
MILLING CENTER
VMC MACHINE
VERTICAL MACHINNING CENTRE
[VMC]
Spindle in a vertical orientation.
VMCs are high-precision
Used for tight-tolerance

HMC MACHINE
HORIZONTAL MACHINNING CENTRE
[HMCs]
Spindle in a horizontal orientation.
Horizontal orientation encourages

chips to fall away.
HMCs are high-precision
Used for tight-tolerance

HOW CNC WORKS?
 Controlled by "G" and "M" codes.

 These are number values and co-ordinates.
 Each number or code is assigned to a particular operation.
 Typed in manually to CAD by machine operators.
 "G" & "M" codes are automatically generated by the
computer software.
COMMON FORMAT FOR A BLOCK
PROGRAMMING KEY LETTERS
 O - Program number
 N - Sequence number
 G - Preparatory function
 X - X axis designation
 Y - Y axis designation
 Z - Z axis designation
 R - Radius designation
 F – Feed rate designation
 S- Spindle speed designation
 H - Tool length offset designation
 D - Tool radius offset designation
 T - Tool Designation
 M - Miscellaneous function
TYPE OF IMPORTANT “G” CODES
 G00 Rapid Transverse
 G01 Linear Interpolation
 G02 Circular Interpolation, CW
 G03 Circular Interpolation, CCW
 G20/G70 Inch units
 G8 Cancel canned cycles
 G81 Drilling cycle
 G82 Counter boring cycle
 G83 Deep hole drilling cycle
 G90 Absolute positioning
 G91 Incremental positioning
TYPE OF IMPORTANT “M” CODES
M00 Program stop
M01 Optional program stop
M02 Program end
M03 Spindle on clockwise
M04 Spindle on counterclockwise
M05 Spindle stop
M06 Tool change
M08 Coolant on
M09 Coolant off
M10 Clamps on
M11 Clamps off
M30 Program stop, reset to start
OPERATOR PANEL
BUILD BY MACHINE
CNC machine manufactures this items
Automobile Part
Aerospace
Diamond & Jewellery Ind.
Textile Machinery
Die & Mould Manufactures

TOOLS OF MACHINE
TOOLS OF MACHINE
• Posess hardness and strength at high
temperatures
• Able to withstand when heat is

generate
• Angle of the cutting face
• Flute width, number of flutes, teeth,

and margin size
CUTTING FLUID AND COOLANT
Lubricating during cutting process
Cooling the workpiece at high cutting speeds
Improving tool life,
Improving surface finish
Flushing away chips from the cutting zone
Corrosion protection of the machined surface

TYPES OF CUTTING FLUID
 STRAIGHT OILS -Non-emulsifiable and are used in machining operations in

anundiluted form they are composed of a petroleum oil , lubricants such as fats,
vegetable oils ( BEST LUBRICATION )
 SOLUBLE OILS -Contain no petroleum or mineral oil , composed of alkaline
Inorganic and organic compounds ( BEST COOLING )
 SEMISYNTHETIC FLUIDS- Emulsion when mixed with water

( LEAST EXPENSIVE )
 SYNTHETIC FLUIDS-Combination of synthetic and soluble oil fluids

( COST AND HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMANCE )
ADVANTAGES
High Accuracy e.g. Aircraft parts

Production rate is very high
Complex surfaces need to be machined
Flexibility in job change , automatic tool
settings
More safe , higher productivity , better quality
Less paper work , faster prototype production
DISADVANTAGES
Costly setup
Skilled operators
Computers , Programming knowledge required
Maintenance is very difficult

.

CNC Classification PPT Hard

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CNC MACHINE

SUBJECT : SPECIAL MANCHINES ( SEMINAR)

1980’s - CNC machine is introduced. Unix and PC based systems

1997 - PC- Windows operating system is attached to cnc

Spindle in a vertical orientation.

VMCs are high-precision

Used for tight-tolerance

Horizontal orientation encourages

HMCs are high-precision

Used for tight-tolerance

 Controlled by "G" and "M" codes.

Die & Mould Manufactures

• Able to withstand when heat is

• Angle of the cutting face

• Flute width, number of flutes, teeth,

Cooling the workpiece at high cutting speeds

Improving tool life,

Improving surface finish

Flushing away chips from the cutting zone

Corrosion protection of the machined surface

 STRAIGHT OILS -Non-emulsifiable and are used in machining operations in

 SEMISYNTHETIC FLUIDS- Emulsion when mixed with water

 SYNTHETIC FLUIDS-Combination of synthetic and soluble oil fluids

High Accuracy e.g. Aircraft parts

Computers , Programming knowledge required

Maintenance is very difficult

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