Existentialism

EXISTENTIALISM
Why am I here? Why do I exist?
What is my
purpose in life?
What is my
essence?
What is
EXISTENCE?
From the Latinwords…
ex
(out)
Exsistere
(to stand out)
stare
(to stand)
To appear
To arise
To become
To be
What is ESSENCE?
Meaning
Purpose
What it is
Nature
What is Existentialism?
 It is subjective.
 Humans possess free will and stand in an
absurd and meaningless world or universe.
 Every individual is unique.
 Individuals have to take responsibility for
their own actions and shape their own
destinies.
 Emphasis on human responsibility and
judgment in ethical matters.
 The individual is the sole judge of his or
her own actions.
 Human freedom is understood precisely
as the freedom to choose.
 “Existence precedes essence.”
 Human persons do not possess the
essence; they make choices that create
their own nature.
 Choice is vital and inevitable to human
existence; even the refusal to choose is a
choice.
 Freedom of choice entails risk,
responsibility, and commitment.
 Will (loob or nakem) enables man to make a
conscious decision of what he will be.
 Will/loob/nakem = Choice
 Choice or decision makes one responsible for
the effects of his choice not only to himself
but also to others since his choice also affects
other people.
 Human existence is the starting point of
thinking.
 Existentialism deals with:
 concreteness of experience
 personal concern
 commitment
 uniqueness of the individual
 The values of existentialism are:
 freedom of choice
 individual dignity
 personal love
 creative effort
Factors that affect freedom of choice
(Calderon, 2004):
1. Influence of the family, especially the parents

2. Influence of peers and associates
3. Religious orientation
4. Social approval
5. Cultural patterns
Factors that affect freedom of choice
(Calderon, 2004):
6. Financial status
7. Psychological traits, especially intelligence
8. Sex
9. Health and physical fitness
10. Education
 Existentialism on Metaphysics: Reality is
subjective, with existence preceding
essence. Existence creates essence.
 Existentialism on Epistemology:
Knowing is to make personal choices. To
choose or appropriate what I want to
know.
The Proponents
Among the best-known existentialist
philosophers are Sӧren Kierkegaard,
Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, and
Albert Camus.
Sӧren Kierkegaard
(1813-1855)
Danish philosopher
born in Copenhagen
The father of
existentialism
Human existence is
always individual in
character, never
social.
Sӧren Kierkegaard
(1813-1855)
Man functions, grows,
develops, makes
choices, suffers,
experiences intense
feelings, and faces God
as an individual.
(Sahakian and
Sahakian, p. 553)
“Life is not a problem
to be solved, but a
reality to be
experienced.”
Martin Heidegger
(1889-1976)
German philosopher
whose work is
associated with
phenomenology and
existentialism
His ideas have exerted
influence on the
development of
contemporary
European philosophy.
“Every man is born as
many men and dies as
a single one.”
Jean-Paul Sartre
(1905-1980)
French philosopher
and principal
spokesman for the
existentialist
movement in post-war
France
An atheistic
existentialist
Arguably the best
known philosopher of
the twentieth century
Jean-Paul Sartre
(1905-1980)
 “Existence precedes
essence.”
Essence is created by
existence; human nature
is a product of existence.
Man first exists without
purpose or definition,
finds himself in the
world and only then, as
a reaction to experience,
defines the meaning of
life.
Jean-Paul Sartre
(1905-1980)
According to him, since
there is no God or
designer to give man a
purpose, it is up to the
individual to choose the
life they think best.
We are responsible for
everything we do.
“Man is condemned to
be free.”
“The destiny of man is
placed within himself.”
Albert Camus
(1913-1960)
French-Algerian
journalist, editor and
editorialist, playwright
and director, novelist
and author of short
stories, political
essayist and activist—
and arguably, although
he came to deny it, a
philosopher.
Opposed systematic
philosophy
Albert Camus
(1913-1960)
Dealt over such
questions as the
meaning of life in the
face of death.
“I would rather live
my life as if there is a
God and die to find
out there isn't, than
live as if there isn't
and to die to find out
that there is.”
CREATIVITY- 15 points
RELEVANCE TO THE
THEME- 10 points
CINEMATOGRAPHY- 10
points
TEAMWORK- 5points
THANK YOU VERY MUCH
FOR LISTENING.
 

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EXISTENTIALISM

Why am I here? Why do I exist?

1. Influence of the family, especially the parents

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