Designing of Plastic Shredder

DESIGNING OF PLASTIC
SHREDDER
CHAPTER I : THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION
Recycling provides opportunities to reduce oil usage,

carbon dioxide emissions and the quantities of waste requiring
disposal.
Waste plastic shredder is a machine that reduces used
plastic waste to smaller particle sizes to enhance its portability,
easiness and readiness for use into another new product.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Research has generated evidence that plastic waste cause
direct problems in the environment, like; air pollution, climate
change, soil and water contamination, it directly affects many
ecosystem and species.
More than fifteen years the passage of RA. 9003,
enforcement with the law remains a daunting task due to technical,
political and financial limitations of concerned agencies and LGU’S
have yet to comply with the provision of RA. 9003.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Unnecessary hoarding of goods, excessive eating habit and

availability of cheap materials has increased the amount of waste.
If possible we can recycle plastic if not at least we can burn them in
controlled environment to get energy. If we can reduce the waste
production at early stage, then it is the best option than reuse and
recycling.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The research sought to answer the following questions:
1. How efficient is the performance of plastic shredder?
2. How many kilos can the plastic shredder take in one operation?
3. Will the speed of the motor affects the efficiency of plastic
shredder?
4. Are the number of blades of a plastic shredder affect its
performance?
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
The objectives of this study are to be able to design of plastic
shredder. Specifically, the following specific objectives are to:
1. Create a design for a plastic shredder,
2. Simulate the design of the shredding machine,
3. Adjustments of the shredding machine for enhancement of blades,
4. Determine the total cost of the shredding apparatus.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study will be a significant endeavor to help to recover the
production waste. This is study aims to give information about the
importance of the plastic shredder through recycling and produce
plastic products rather than incinerated and energy recovery.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study focuses on the performance of the plastic shredder. Plastic
shredder is applicable to any plastics in order to lessen its lifespan
to decompose faster than usual but depending on the size of the
shredder
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
 Gathered
information in
different resources  Planning
 Design of Plastic  Design of Plastic
 Designing
Shredder Shredder
 Simulating
 Supplies and  Adjustment
equipment
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

The figure shown above (Fig.1) is the input, process, and the output of the assessment of
plastic shredder for the solid waste management facility to be conducted at Bambang, Nueva
Vizcaya.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Agglomeration • Injection
• Commingled Material • Recycling
• Contaminants • Shredding
• Molding • Synthetic Products
• Extrusion
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
AND STUDIES
This paper describes the design of various components of a plastic shredder. This
machine is widely used in industries and recycling plants. The introduction of plastic
shredder machine will promote reduction of post-consumer plastic waste accumulation
and serves as a system for wealth creation and empowerment through conversion of
waste into economically viable products. In this design research, a 10 kW electric motor
with a rotational speed of 500 rpm was chosen to drive the shredder. A pulley size of 400
mm is mounted on the electric motor at a distance of 1000 mm away from the shredder
pulley. The shredder rotational speed is 300 rpm. (Olukunle, 2016)

. The present work encompasses (design and fabrication shredder/crusher and
extruder of plastic machines) the shredder/crusher of plastic machine is consisting of the
four main parts; they are system drive, box, hopper and three blade rotating cutter.
Crushing is the process waste into smaller size approximately 0.5 –1cm. The size can be
varied depending upon the blade placement with in the crusher. The plastic wastes after
segregation fed into the crusher through a Hooper undergo crushing between the stator
and rotor. The rotor is driven by an l/2 HP electric motor. The crushed particles there after
moves into the extruder of breaking down the plastic

The extruder of plastic machine is consisting of the five main parts; they are
hopper, drive of screw, barrel, and nozzle (die), heaters and control system.
Extruder is the prime part of the machine where in the crushed particles gets
drawn into wires through a die. Screw is the heart of the extruder, which employs
heating element through its length. The heat for melting the Crushed plastics is
controlled using a heating control unit. The Screw, which is motor driven conveys
the molten plastic to the opening of the die. (Jaff, Abdulrahman, Ali, Hassan,
2016)
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN
The research study is a design research approach for it
aims to develop the existing plastic shredder present in
Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya.
The research design is composed of the following parts:
The design of the shredder mechanism has four main
components; the feeding unit, the shredding unit, the power unit
and the machine frame.
FLOW CHART METHODOLOGY
The design is made in the application (auto cad, solid works,
pro-engineer) wherein we planned, discussed and raised some
suggestions before we finalizing the design in making plastic
shredder. The materials needed in building the plastic shredder will
be found and bought in hardware shops available here in the
Philippines, particularly in Nueva Vizcaya and Santiago City. The
data and result depends on the size and effectivity of shredder
mechanism.
RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT
Bambang is one of the municipalities of Nueva Vizcaya and it
is the most densely populated municipality of the province. It is like a
melting pot where people from various parts of the province come
to seek future and make their life better. This is one of the reasons
why the researcher conducted this project to become part of the
solution.
The rate of waste generation is increasing daily with
increasing number of citizen so necessary steps has to be taken in
advance to solve this skyrocketing problem.
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
Respondents of this study are the students presently enrolled
in the College of Engineering programs namely; Bachelor of Science
in Mechanical Engineering, Bachelor of Science in Computer
Engineering, Bachelor of Science in Electronics Engineering, and the
Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering at Nueva Vizcaya State
University Bambang Campus during the first semester, A.Y 2018 -
2019.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES
The waste plastic shredder is composed of the following parts:

The design of the shredder mechanism has four main components;
the feeding unit, the shredding unit, the power unit and the machine
frame.
Length Determination of the Belt
𝜋 (𝐷−𝑑)2
L= (D + d) + 2C +
2 4𝐶
Where:
L = Length of the belt
D= Diameter of the bigger pulley
d = Diameter of the smaller pulley
C = center distance of the two pulley
Determination of the Shaft Speed
𝐷1 𝑁2
=
𝐷2 𝑁1
Where:
N1 = Angular speed of the small pulley
N2 = Angular speed of the big pulley
Torque Transmitted by Shaft
𝑃 𝑋 60 𝑋 1000
T= 𝑃 = 2𝜋𝑁𝑇
2𝜋𝑁
Where: Where:
P = Power transmitted by electric P= Power rating of the motor͵ KW
motor
N = Revolution of the shaft in rpm N= Angular Speed of the Shaft͵ rpm
T= Torque transmitted by the
shaft͵ N-mm
DATA GATHERING TOOLS
In developing the waste plastic shredder, we have used AUTO CAD to
create the design. The following are parts which will complete the plastic
shredder:
1.An electric motor
AC motor with 2.2 kW power is used in the machine. Motor
produces power and the power produced is given to the shaft.
2. Belt and Pulley
To transmit power from motor to the intermediate shaft pulley is
used which is powered through the belt drive to reduce the speed of the
shaft and to increase torque.
3. Bearing
Bearing used to permit constrained relative motion between
parts. There are 4 ball bearings are used. Two bearing on intermediate
shaft and two bearing on cutting shaft are used.
4. Hopper
Hopper is the upper part of the machine through which the
plastic wastes are feeded in the cutting space.
5. Shredder box
Shredder box is the box made up of thick plates. All the
assembly like cutter shaft intermediate shaft is under the shredder box.
Material used for the shredder is cast iron.
6. Gears
There are two spur gears are used. Smaller gear on the
intermediate shaft and the bigger is on the cutting shaft. Due to which
speed is again reduced on the main shaft.
7. Blades and Shafts
Blades can be rotated and used on four edges before
replacement. Concave ground square blades improve output. A rotating
or oscillating round, straight bar for transmitting motion and torque.
.

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DESIGNING OF PLASTIC

Recycling provides opportunities to reduce oil usage,

Unnecessary hoarding of goods, excessive eating habit and

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

shredder machine will promote reduction of post-consumer plastic waste accumulation

pulley. The shredder rotational speed is 300 rpm. (Olukunle, 2016)

extruder of plastic machines) the shredder/crusher of plastic machine is consisting of the

moves into the extruder of breaking down the plastic

The waste plastic shredder is composed of the following parts:

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