Snellius's Law

BY :
MUSLIHA YUNUS
1412440011
INTRODUCTION

In everyday life we can see the process of reflection of
light as we stand in front of a mirror, then we will see the reflection
in the mirror this is due to the reflection of light. Not only the
mirror but also the mirror, the mirror mirror that we use is a convex
mirror, using a convex mirror the image is enlarged so that we can
see objects that are far behind us.
It happened because of the reflection of light. In the mirror
there is reflection on a flat plane and on the mirror is the reflection
of light on a convex mirror. In the electromedical world there are
also tools that use the principle of light reflection
Definition of Light

Light is visible energy in the form of electromagnetic waves
with wavelengths around 380-750 nm. Electromagnetic
waves are waves that do not require a medium to propagate.
So that light can propagate without the need for a medium.

Light beams can be classified as:
• Light rays spread (divergent), i.e. rays of light coming from one
point then spread in all directions.
• Beams of light are aligned, that is, beams of light that are
parallel to each other.
• Light beams gather, i.e. the beams of light that go to a particular
point that is produced will propagate straight.
The Nature of Light

Light can travel straight
Light can be reflected.
Light can penetrate clear objects.
Light can be refracted.
Light can be decomposed.

Definition of Light Reflection

Reflection of light is a change in the direction
of the propagation of light toward the side of
the "medium" of origin, after mashing the
interface of two mediums.
Various Types of Light
Reflection

1. Regular Reflection
Regular reflection is a
reflection that occurs on a
flat or flat reflective surface.
When a beam of light hits the
flat reflective surface, all
incoming light will be
reflected in an orderly
direction.
2. Reflection of Baur

If a beam of light hits
the uneven surface of the
object (squiggly) then the
light will be reflected
irregularly in all directions.
As a result, the intensity of
the beam of light that enters
the eye is not too large
because not all reflected light
goes to the eye.
Mirror Reflection

Flat mirror is one
mirror that has a flat, flat and
not curved surface in the
reflecting plane. In the picture
below is a picture of reflected
light by a flat mirror.
1. The incident ray, normal line,
and reflected ray are located on
a flat plane. 𝜃𝑖 = 𝜃𝑟
2. The angle of arrival is the
same as the angle of reflection.
Snellius statement is known as the law of
reflection of light (rays).
Snellius Refraction Law

Refraction of light is the event of bending of
light through a medium with a different
optical density. can be from the medium of
the gap or from the gap to the meeting
Snellius Refraction Law

The law of refraction was first stated by Willebrord
Snellius, a Dutch physicist. Snellius conducted an
experiment by passing a beam of light on a glass
beam. Simply stated, the Snellius experiment is
shown as shown below.
A beam of light (laser
beam / light box) is directed

towards the surface of the glass
beam (left picture). Apparently,
the beam is deflected when it
hits the plane of the air-glass
boundary. If it is depicted in a
two-dimensional form (right
picture), then the rays coming
from the air are refracted in
glass nearing the normal line.
So the angle of incidence (i) is
always greater than the angle
of bias (r).
Apart from the two statements of Snellius Law above, there
are still other things that apply to the refraction event,
which is as follows .

 1) If the light coming from
the medium is less dense to
the medium tighter, the light
will be refracted close to the
normal line. This means, the
angle of bias is smaller than
the angle of incidence (r <i).

2) If the light coming from
the medium is closer to the
medium, the light will be
refracted away from the
normal line. So, the angle of
incidence is smaller than the
angle of bias (i <r).

3) If the incoming ray is
perpendicular to the
boundary of the two
mediums, then the ray is not
refracted but is continued.
Bias Index

Christian Huygens : "Refractive index is the
quotient between the speed of light rays in a vacuum
with the speed of light rays in a substance". Light
refraction events can occur due to differences in the
speed of light from the two media. Where in the
medium density the speed of light is smaller than in
the tenuous medium.
Mathematically formulated
as follows:

Where :
- n: refractive index of a medium
- c: the speed of light in a vacuum (3 x 108
m / s)
- v: the speed of light in substances
No refractive index value is smaller than 1.

Snellius's Law of Refraction

When light passes from The result is now
one medium to another, there is referred to as Snellius's law
some reflected light coming. which reads:
While the rest still passes to the • Incoming rays, normal
new medium. If the light lines, and refractive rays
coming from the first medium
forms a certain angle (not
occupy a flat plane.
perpendicular), then the beam • Refractive index is the
of light will be deflected when result of dividing the sine
entering the second medium. angle of light from the sine
This bending event is called angle of refraction which
refraction produces a fixed number

The angle of bias
depends on the speed of light
of both media and the angle of
incidence of light. Analytical
relationship between q1 and
q2. This relationship is called
Snellius's Law and is written:

Snellius's Law

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Light can be reflected.

Light can penetrate clear objects.

Light can be refracted.

Light can be decomposed.

No refractive index value is smaller than 1.

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