POWER POINT PRESENTATION

• REPORTED BY:
DAISYREE CABUG-OS
GINO ENDINO
ANNA JANE MATAS

HERLYN SUICO
TOPIC:
•MOTHER
BOARD/SYSTEM
BOARD and its main
parts
Procedures:
•What are the main parts of system
board?
•What are the common faults of that
parts?
•How to fix it? Or resolve that
problem?
SYSTEM BOARD

•The main printed circuit board in a

computer is known as the Mother Board.
Other names for this central computer
unit and system board, main board, or
printed wired board (PWB).The mother
board is sometimes shortened to MoBo.
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY(RAM)
• Random Access Memory,(RAM) is usually refers to computer chips
that temporarily stored dynamic data to enhance computer
performance while you are working.
• In other words, it is working place of your computer, where active
programs and data are loaded so that any time the professor requires
them, it doesn’t have fetch them from the hard disk.
• Random-Access Memory is volatile, meaning its losses its contents
once the power is turned off. This is different from non-volatile
memory, such as hard disk and flash memory, which do not required a
power source to retain data.
SYMPTOMS OF RAM PROBLEM:
• May be it is less common than other problems.But it can cause many
other issues on your PC. If there is anything wrong with your RAM or
its modules, You will face the following things:
• Your PC may start normally.
• PC may freeze suddenly and your keyboard or mouse may not
response.After that it will restart automatically.
• Your computer may start right after opening desktop window.
• Bad RAM may cause blue screen death. So, you may face BSOD
problem without any reason anytime. It can be so much annoying.
• Attempting to install any program may take long time or may
stop without any reason or may show you an unknown error.
• When you try to install windows to get back your normal
performance, It may take a very long time or shows you
unexpected error. So, sometimes, It may completely prevent
you to uninstall any OS on your PC.
• Your PC may make a sounds “beep, beep, beep “
continuously and your monitor may not show anything.
How to fix RAM problems?
• Ok. Most of the time, you may need to buy a new RAM module o
• r replace. Anyway, these are the things you can do:
• At first diagnose it. If you find the problems is with your module, Change it
or buy a new one.
• If you see the RAM modules are ok but the problem is with your RAM slot,
Then you will need to contact with your computer manufacture costumer
support. If your warranty is expired, go to an expert technician who can
help you. In that case, you may need to replace your motherboard.
• Sometimes, reconnecting RAM modules can fix the problem. But it will
temporarily.
THE BASIC INPUT AND OUTPUT
SYSTEM(BIOS)
• BIOS stands for Basic Input / Output System. BIOS is a “read only” memory, which
consist of low level software that controls the system hardware and acts as an
interface between the operating system and the hardware . Most people know the
term BIOS by another name- device drivers, or just drivers. BIOS is essentially the link
between the computer hardware and software in the system.
• All motherboard includes as small block of Read Only Memory(ROM)which is separate
from the main system memory used for loading and running software . On PCs , the
BIOS contains all the codes required to control the keyboard , display screen , disk
drive serial communications , and the number of miscellaneous functions.
• The system BIOS is a ROM chip on the motherboard use during the start up
routine(boot process)to check out the system and prepared to run the hardware .The
BIOS is stored on a ROM Chip because ROM retain information even when no power is
being supplied to the computer.
BIOS Startup Error Messages:
• When a system has problems starting , it might display error messages
and startup . These messages might come from the system BIOS (ROM
BIOS or UEFI firmware) or might be generated by Windows . Typical
error messages displayed by the BIOS include the following:
• Invalid system disk
• Boot failure
• Hard disk error
• Boot loader missing
• Missing operating system
These and similar messages indicate that the BIOS or UEFI firm ware
chip on the mother board cannot locate startup files for your operating
system.Possible reason can include the following:
A nonbootable drive containing media is listed first in the boot
order(BIOS/UEFI).
The computers system drive is not properly identified (BIOS/UEFI).
Data or power cables from the internal hard disk to the motherboard
are loose or have failed(hardware).
Disconnected USB Drives:
• If your system is configured to use USB drives as the first bootable
device and you leave a non bootable USB flash drive plugged into
your system (either directly or into a USB hub connected to your
system),your system won’t boot . Solution ? . Unplug the drive and
restart your system.
• If your system restart correctly , you have a couple of choices:
• Don’t leave USB flash drives plugged into your system when you shut
down the computer.
• Change your BIOS or UEFI firmware settings to skip USB drives as
bootable device.
Checking and Changing Drive Boot
Order:
• Should you change the boot order ? It depends . More and more
diagnostic programs can be run from bootable USB flash drives , and
you can also install new operating system from bootable USB flash
drives . However , you can also use your system’s DVD or BD(Blue-ray)
drive for these task .So , its up to you.
• We recommended changing the boot order on Window 7 computers
if :
• You use USB flash drives to speed up your system using the Windows
Ready Boost feature.
• You frequently use USB flash drives to shuttle information between
computer.
• You frequently use USB flash drives for other reasons.
However , you should leave USB flash drives on top of the boot order if:

• You frequently run diagnostic programs from a bootable USB flash drive.
• You install operating systems from a bootable USB flash drive.
• You seldom or never use USB flash drives for data transfer.

• If you change the boot order to remove USB flash drive or put them up
after the system hard disk, you can always change the boot order in the
future to place USB drives first if you need to run diagnostic programs or
install a new operating program.
Tips on how to change the boot
order in windows 7:
• Click start.
• Click the right arrow next to the shut down button.
• Select restart.
• After your system restart , press the key that starts the
BIOS / UEFI firmware setup program.
• Navigate to the dialog used to set the drive boot
order.
CMOS BATTERY:
• A battery that maintains the time, date, hard disk and other
configuration settings in the CMOS memory. CMOS batteries are
small and are attached directly to the motherboard.
• Alternatively referred to as a RTC (REAL TIME CLOCK), NVRAM (NON
• - VOLATILE RAM) or CMOS RAM, CMOS is short for complementary
metal- oxide semiconductor. CMOS is an onboard, battery powered
semiconductor chip inside computers that stores information. This
information ranges from the system time and date to system
hardware settings for your computer.
CMOS BATTERY:
•Mother boards also include a small separated blocks of memory made from
CMOS RAM Chips, which are kept alive by a battery (known as a CMOS BATTERY)
even main the PCs power is off. This prevents reconfiguration when the PC is
powered on.
•CMOS Devices required very little power to operated.
•The CMOS RAM is used to store basic information about the PCs Configuration
for instance:
•Floppy Disk and Hard Disk Drive types
•Information about CPU
•RAM size
•Date and time
•Serial and parallel port information
•Plug and play information
•Power saving settings
CMOS BATTERY:
•Other important data
kept in CMOS battery is
the time and date, which
is updated by a Real
Time Clock.
COMMON PROBLEMS OR ERRORS IN
CMOS BATTERY:
• Incorrect computer date and time settings. Also, the date and time
keep getting reset even after you fix them in the BIOS. This is the most
common CMOS battery failure sign.
• Your PC occasionally turns off or doesn’t start.
• Drivers stop working.
• You may starts to get errors while booting that say something like
“CMOS checksum error” or “CMOS read error”.
• Some weird hardware issues such as your computer not being able to
locate the mouse, keyboard, and printer.
• An error or alert messages, like the following is
displayed when the computer boots:
• CMOS read errors
• CMOS check um error
• CMOS battery failure
• System battery voltage is low
• If any of the Issues or message above are encountered, you likely
need to replace the CMOS battery. The process to replace it is
detailed in the following sections:
• Locate your CMOS battery
• NOTE: With some computers, you may need to disconnect cables,
remove drivers, or remove other parts of the computer to get full
access to the CMOS battery.
 How to in a fix corrupt CMOS in a
few simple steps?
1.Reset BIOS to factory values
• The first step you should take when all and any BIOS related problem appear is to
try and restore the default configuration. This is a long stretch solution if the
hardware is broken, but it still might help. Since we need to move gradually
towards the battery replacement, lets give it a shot and, hopefully, the CMOS
corruption will be addressed.
2. Flash BIOS
• Now, some errors like the “CMOS checksum” error can appear due to an outdated
BIOS. On the other hand, they can appear if you flashed a wrong version of BIOS.
That’s why we suggest re flashing the BIOS, thus updating it to the latest version.
Now, even though unaccustomed users see meddling with BIOS as a dangerous
task, we wouldn’t say so.
3. Reset the battery
• Resetting the CMOS battery is also quite a simple task. It requires you
some tools (a small screw driver) in order to remove the side casing from
your case. The same goes for the notebooks. Power off your PC and
unplug the power source cable.
4. Replace the battery
• Finally if the battery died out, you should replace it by following the
aforementioned steps. The battery most likely holds the model number
CR2032. It’s a standard hand watch lithium coin battery cell. So you
shouldn’t have a hard time finding the replacement as its widely available.
OBTAIN BATTERY INFORMATION:
• Unfortunately, most manufacturers do not list the exact type
and model of the CMOS battery. Once you have located the
battery, we recommend that you write down its specification
(voltage, chemistry, wiring) . If possible, remove the battery
and take it to a retail location.

• TIP: For most computers, the model of the battery is

CR2032.
REPLACING A CMOS BATTERY:
• The key to replacing your CMOS battery is making sure you to purchase
the correct battery. You will need to open up your PC to get the battery.
Check your PCs manual for the best way to do this. Generally, this a
pretty simple task. IMPORTANT: Make sure to unplug the computer
before opening it up.
• Next, remove the CMOS battery from the motherboard. Use one hand
to move the clip up and the other hand to pull the battery out. After
you have the battery, you can either write down the listed information
listed on the battery, or you can simply take the battery with you when
looking to buy a new one. While at the store, try to find closest possible
match. Try to get a battery with the same voltage.
CAUTION:
• When inside your computer, make sure you are aware of ESD and all its
potential dangers.

• Unfortunately, not all CMOS batteries are removable. Some

manufacturers only allow a replacement battery to be added. If your
computer does not have a coin cell battery, refer to your documentation
or contact your computer manufacturer for further assistance.
• If your computers motherboard does not have a removable battery, you
need to set a jumper on the motherboard to install the new battery.
INSERTING NEW BATTERY:
• After purchasing a new battery, remove the old battery and replace it
with the new battery into the secondary battery socket on the
motherboard.
THE END! THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!!!
• PREPARED BY:
GINO ENDINO
ANNA JANE MATAS
HERLYN SUICO
DAISYREE CABUG- OS

SUBJECTTEACHER:
MR. ROLANDO DUMALAG JR.
Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas o
Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)

-tagapangalaga ng sambayanan at estado

-pangunahing layunin nito ang tiyakin ang ganap na

kapangyarihan ng estado at integridad ng pambansang
teritoryo.
-tungkulin naman ng mga kasapi nito na panatilihing
malaya ang bansa sa panloob at panlabas na panganib
Hukbong Katihan (Philippine Army)

-ang mga kasapi nito ay

tagapagtanggol ng bansa sa
digmaan o anumang uri ng rebelyon
o paghihimagsik na may layuning
pabagsakin ang pamahalaan.

-Sila rin ang mga nagpoprotekta

sa bansa at mamamayan laban sa
mga dayuhang mananakop
Hukbong Dagat (Philippine Navy)

-ang sangay ng Sandatahang Lakas

na nangangalaga at nagbabantay sa
ating mga katubigan, at tinatawag
ding bantay-dagat

-ipinagtatanggol nila tayo laban sa

mga kaaway o dayuhang dumadaan
sa dagat o karagatan
-trabaho nila ang magpatrolya sa ating mga karagatan
araw at gabi upang matiyak na walang illegal na
dayuhang makapapasok sa bansa

-sila rin ang nanghuhuli sa mga taong nagpupuslit ng

mga produktong walang buwis o tinatawag na
smuggled products
Hukbong Panghimpapawid (Philippine Air Force)
-sila ang ating tanod sa himpapawid
-pinangangalagaan nila ang
katahimikan sa ating papawirin
-sinisiguro nilang walang
dayuhan o kaaway na maaaring
maging banta sa kapayapaan ng
bansang daraan sa himpapawid
na sakop ng teritoryo ng Pilipinas
Iba pang Ahensya

*Kagawaran ng Interyor at Pamahalaang Lokal o

Department of the Interior ang Local Government (DILG)
-ahensyang nangangalaga para sa pagpapaigting ng
kapayapaan at kaayusan at pagpapanatili ng seguridad ng
mamamayan
*Pambansang Pulisya ng Pilipinas o
Philippine National Police (PNP)
-ang ahensyang nangangalaga sa kaayusan at kapayapaan
sa ating bansa.
-sila rin ang sumusugpo sa mga kidnaper, magnanakaw,
holdaper, mga nagbebenta ng ipinagbabawal na gamut,
at iba pang kriminal
Kagawaran ng Ugnayang Panlabas o
Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA)

-nakikipag-ugnayan sa ibang estado para masiguro ang

kaligtasan ng ating teritoryo gayundin ang ating
kapangyarihan at karapatang pambansa
Kagawaran ng Kapaligiran at Likas na
Yaman
Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR)
-nangangalaga sa teritoryo ng bansa sa pamamagitan ng
pangangasiwa, pangangalaga, at pag-iingat sa ating likas na
yaman
-tungkulin nitong pangalagaan ang ating kagubatan,
magpatupad ng mga programa para sa pangangalaga sa
kapaligiran, pangasiwaan ang industriya ng pagmimina,
pag-iingat sa mga isda at yamang-dagat, at maging ang
pag-iingat o pangangalaga sa mga hayop na maari nang
maubos (endangered species)
Dalawang paraan ng pangangalaga sa teritoryo ng bansa

1. Pagtatanggol sa bansa sa pamamagitan ng armas o

pakikidigma

2. Pagsunod ng mga mamamayan sa mga batas para sa

katahimikan ng bansa at pangangalaga sa mga likas na
yaman at iba pang ari-aian nito.
Anu-anong ahensya ang nangangalaga sa ating teritoryo? Paano nila ito
pinangangalagaan at pinagtatanggol?

Sapat na ba ang ginagawa ng pamahalaan upang mapangalagaan ang

teritoryong sakop ng bansa? Bakit?

Sang-ayon ka ba sa nakasaad sa Konstitusyong maaaring utusan ng

pamahalaang magkaloob ng personal na serbisyo ang mga mamamayan
kapag naharap sa panganib ang bansa? Bakit?
Ano ang
natutunan ninyo?
Suriing mabuti kung katotohanan o opinyon ang mga pahayag.
1. Hindi masyadong napakikinabangan ng pamahalaan at mga
mamamayan ang ating pambansang teritoryo.
2. Ang pagtatanggol sa teritoryo ng bansa ay tungkulin lamang ng
pamahalaan.
3. Ang lahat ng mamamayan ay maaaring utusan ng batas na
magkaloob ng personal na serbisyo upang maipagtanggol ang
estado.
4. Mas mahirap protektahan ang bansa sa mga panlabas na panganib
kaysa sa panloob na panganib.
5. Higit na dapat bigyang-pansin ang mga panlabas na panganib
upang di na tayo muling masakop ng mga dayuhan kaysa sa
panloob na panganib
6. Ang mga krimeng panlipunang gaya ng pagnanakaw, pagpatay,
kidnaping, pagbebenta at paggamit ng bawal na gamot, at iba pa ay
dapat na masugpo para sa katahimikan ng bansa.
7. Ang Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas ay itinatag upang magbigay ng
proteksiyon sa bansa laban sa mga mananakop.
8. Tanging ang mga kasapi ng Hukbong Katihan lamang ang may
kakayahang protektahan ang mga mamamayan at estado laban sa
mga dayuhang mananakop.
9. Ang Hukbong Dagat at ang tagapagbantay laban sa mga
smugglervna pumapasok sa bansa.
10. Ang DILG ang nangangasiwa sa pag-iingat ng likas na yaman ng
bansa.
Sa pamamagitan ng Thinking Map Eridium Scale, bigyang
katwiran o ipaliwanag ang mga gampanin at tungkulin ng
iba’t ibang sangay ng Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas upang
mapangalagaan ang teritoryo ng bansa.

Hukbong
Katihan

Hukbong
Himpapawid

Hukbong
Dagat