Phy Project Work (Logic Gates)
Phy Project Work (Logic Gates)
Phy Project Work (Logic Gates)
2.Introduction
4.NOT Gate
5.AND Gate
6.OR Gate
7.Electronic Gates
11.Data Storage
13.Implementation
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Data storage
Logic gates can also be used to store data. A storage element can be
constructed by connecting several gates in a "latch" circuit. More
complicated designs that use clock signals and that change only on a
rising or falling edge of the clock are called edge-triggered "flip-flops".
Formally, a flip-flop is called a bistable circuit, because it has two stable
states which it can maintain indefinitely. The combination of multiple flip-
flops in parallel, to store a multiple-bit value, is known as a register.
When using any of these gate setups the overall system has memory; it
is then called a sequential logic system since its output can be
influenced by its previous state(s), i.e. by the sequence of input states.
In contrast, the output from combinational logic is purely a combination
of its present inputs, unaffected by the previous input and output states.
These logic circuits are known as computer memory. They vary in
performance, based on factors of speed, complexity, and reliability of
storage, and many different types of designs are used based on the
application.
Three-state logic gates
A three-state logic gate is a type of logic gate that can have three
different outputs: high (H), low (L) and high-impedance (Z). The high-
impedance state plays no role in the logic, which is strictly binary.
These devices are used on buses of the CPU to allow multiple chips to
send data. A group of three-states driving a line with a suitable control
circuit is basically equivalent to a multiplexer, which may be physically
distributed over separate devices or plug-in cards.
In electronics, a high output would mean the output is sourcing current
from the positive power terminal (positive voltage). A low output would
mean the output is sinking current to the negative power terminal (zero
voltage). High impedance would mean that the output is effectively
disconnected from the circuit.