FDD-LTE Radio Network Planning

Contents

 FDD-LTE network deployment strategy

 FDD-LTE site selection
 FDD-LTE network simulation
 FDD-LTE spectral efficiency
The process of FDD-LTE network planning
Information collection
 Information collection is to gather any information relat
e to LTE network proposal, such as:
 Operator’s requirements
 Operator’s existent network sites density and distribution
 The frequency band and bandwidth available for LTE system
 The environment information of the city to be covered
 Subscribers and traffic model forecast
 Digital map
 ….
Deployment strategy

Which
Whicharea
areathe
theLTE
LTEradio
radionetwork
networkwill
willbe
beintroduced
introducedin
infirst?
first?
Deployment strategy
Deployment strategy
800M LTE
2.6G LTE 900/1800 GSM 900 GSM/UMTS
2.1 HSPA
Hot Spots Urban Rural

Voice capacity + data capacity Voice/Data coverage

Operators need to operate their pipe precisely !

 Large cell for coverage

 Small cell for capacity
 Better indoor coverage to reduce power consumption
 Requirements and targets
 Coverage requirements

Coverage
Coveragearea
area

Coverage
CoverageQoS
QoS

Coverage
Coveragespecial
specialtarget
target

Dense Subur
Morphology Urban Rural
Urban ban

Shadowing Standard
8 8 6 6
Deviation(dB)
Area Coverage 95% 95% 95% 90%
Probability

Dense Subu
　 Urban
rban
Rural
Urban

Cell Edge User

Throughput 512 384 256 128
(kbps)
 Requirements and targets
 Capacity requirements
subscriber
subscribertarget
targetand
and
density
density

Traffic
Trafficmodel
model

Stages
Stagesand
andphases
phases

Typical RAB Bearer Rate Bearer Rate Intensity UL Vol. DL Vol.

service Type UL (kbps) DL (kbps) (mErl) (kByte) (kByte)
Voice Voice 12.2 12.2 20 - - 
Video
Data 128 128 1.5 - - 
conference
Video/Audio
Data 256 256 - 180 750
Streaming
Web Browsing
Data 128 500 - 125 450
/ HTTP
FTP Data 500 2000 - 225 900
Gaming
Data 128 128 - 125 450
Interactive
P2P Data 500 2000 - 500 1500
Propagation model calibration
 CW test
 Tune the propagation m
odel parameters
 After calibration, the exa
ct propagation model will
be used in network desi
gn and planning
Radio network design
 Link budget analysis
 Capacity analysis
Radio network design

Coverage Capacity
Capacity
Requirements
Requirements Requirements
Requirements

Link Budget Capacity

Capacity analysis
analysis

Cell radius and Site number and

site number Cell radius

Which is
limitation

The
The final
final site
site number
number
and
and cell
cell radius
radius
Site selection and survey
 Base on the network design result
of cell range or inter-site distance
 Base on existent network site distr
ibution information or other candid
ate site, select fit legacy site to re
use or add new site.
 Site selection can be run by tools
or manually.

Candidate
Candidatesite
site Result
Resultsite
site
Coverage prediction and simulation
 Parameters setting
 Coverage prediction
 Monte carol simulation
The process of FDD-LTE network planning
Contents

 FDD-LTE network deployment strategy

 FDD-LTE site selection
 FDD-LTE network simulation
 FDD-LTE spectral efficiency
Site Selection
 How to process so many candidate sites and so large area
 How to priority covered POI
Site Selection Principle
 Inter site distance following network design result.
 Preference for the existing base station
 Try to select the ideal honeycomb structure of the site
 The selected site should be close to important areas
and dense areas
 Antenna must have enough isolation space to avoid i
nterference between systems
 Try to avoid select very high build or hill as site addre
ss in urban area
Manual site selection
 We found tool has obvious limits in term of balancing between thresho
ld, coverage, traffic load, cost of sites etc. Manually adjust the result is
necessary.

Network
Networkdesign
designresult:
result:
•• Cell
Cellrange
range
•• Inter
Intersite
sitedistance
distance
Site Selection Method

Proposal I Proposal II
Site Selection Method
 Proposal I
Proposal I

295 site cover POI

Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-80 number of POI %

coverage>95% 363 69%
95%>coverage>85% 13 2%
85%>coverage>75% 12 2%
coverage<75% 146 27%
Total 534 100%
 Site Selection Method
 ProposalII
Proposal II

total
total445
445
Anchor
AnchorSites
Sites
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-80 number of POI % 154
154
coverage>95% 499 93%
95%>coverage>85% 6 1%
85%>coverage>75% 5 1%
coverage<75% 26 5%
Total 534 100%
Site Selection Method
 ProposalII
Proposal II

total
total1000
1000
Anchor
AnchorSites
Sites
188
188
Contents

 FDD-LTE network deployment strategy

 FDD-LTE site selection
 FDD-LTE network simulation
 FDD-LTE spectral efficiency
FDD-LTE network planning flow
Planning Parameters

Digital
Digitalmap
map Propagation
Propagation
database
database model
model

Network
Network Service
Service
parameter
parameter parameters
parameters
Digital map
Digital map

Surface Percentage(%
Clutter Name
(km2) )
POI 51.257 0.13%
High Density Urban - City Center 1.861 0.005%
Commercial/Industrial 111.895 0.28%
Airports 42.062 0.11%
Medium Density Urban 705.708 1.79%
Low Density Urban 2,142.73 5.42%
Dense Forest 13,071.82 34.83%
Water 3,953.01 10.00%
Open - Vegetated 121.342 0.31%
Open - Non Vegetated 18,636.93 47.14%
total 39533.137 100%
Propagation model
Propagation model
K
　 K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K7
6
Dense 64.9 48.7 0.6 -
-26.5 0 3.23
Urban 9 2 1 8.64
13.6 44.4 0.0 -
Urban 5.77 0 1.63
6 1 6 6.55
42.6 22.8 0.4 -
Suburban -7.01 0 2.31
9 3 5 6.55
Dense41.2 Urba
19.2 Suburba
0.3 -Rura Highwa
-
　 Rural 3.85
Urban 4 n 6 n3 0
7.05l y
0.33
Coastal High Rise 0 0 0 0 0-
Highway 28.6 44.4 5.9 0 -10 0
1.21
Dense Forest 1.14 2.03 1.54 3.04 0
Open - Vegetated -0.69 0.95 -0.66 2.2 0
Open - Non Vegetated 0.52 0.12 -0.42 1.54 0
Low Density Urban 0.76 1.54 0.89 1.55 0
Medium Density
-0.03 -0.48 -1.22 0.68 0
Urban
High Density Urban -
1.95 -3.57 0 -3.21 0
City Center
Commercial/Industrial -2.23 -2.72 -0.25 2.63 0
Airports 0 -2.15 0 -7.78 0
Water 0 0.44 0 -5.7 0
Propagation model

3D
3DRay
RayTracing
TracingModel
Model

Building
Building
Data
DataBase
Base
Network information

Sites Site Equipment

n 1
1

Transmitters
1

Cells
n

n
Neighbours
Service information

n Traffic Map
n
Environment
n n 1

n n 1
Mobility User Profile Clutter Weights
1
n
Service Usage
n n

1 1
Terminals Services Mobility
1 1

n n

Radio Beare
Traffic mix

3G
3Gtraffic
trafficmix
mixexample
example

Servic Bearer Bearer Intensit

RAB Type UL Vol. DL Vol.
e Typical service Rate Rate y
(UL:DL) (kbit) (kbit)
Type UL (kbps) DL (kbps) (mErl)
CS Voice DCH:DCH 12.2 12.2 20.0 - - 
CS Video telephony DCH:DCH 64 64 1.5 - - 
PS E-mail DCH:DCH 64 64 - 60 250
Audio/video
PS DCH:DCH 64 128 - 6 150
streaming
Mobile office Internet
PS DCH:HSDPA 64 500 - 50 300
/e-commerce
Mobile office Internet
PS HSUPA:HSDPA 300 500 - 200 600
/e-commerce
Traffic mix
iPhone and other new terminals push the Data serveic

2007 SMALLER 2008

CHEAPER
% Subs Mobile

$599 $199
FASTER
TV or Video

New application
iPhone Average
Mobile Social Google
iPhone Facebook YouTube
video networks Maps
% of users 30.9% 49.7% 20% 30.4% 36%
All phones 4.6% 4% 1.5% 1% 2.6%

147 million devices in 2014  Orange France

• 50% = embedded modems  Typical user :~20 MB /month
• 42% = USB modems  iPhone : 400 MB/month
 Data card : 600 MB/month
Traffic mix
 China Unicom UMTS/HSPA traffic mix

　 UL DL
Speech
12.2(erl) 0.02
CS64(erl) 0.001 Average
AverageDate
Datetraffic
traffic For
Foraamonth
month：
：
PS64/64(kbps) 0.0113 0.0452 @BH : 0.51MB
@BH : 0.51MB 64MB
64MB
PS64/128(kbps) 0.0045 0.0226
PS64/384(kbps) 0.0019 0.0113
HSPA(kbps) 0.1751 1.0509

 iPhone and Data card

Data
DataTaffic/month
Taffic/month Data
DataTaffic@BH
Taffic@BH
iPhone
iPhone:400
:400MB
MB iPhone
iPhone:4 :4MB
MB
Data
Data card : 600MB
card : 600 MB Data
Data card : 4.8MB
card : 4.8 MB
FDD-LTE network planning flow
Signal Level Coverage Prediction
 RS receive level prediction Focus
FocusZone
Zone

Surface % Focus
Coverage by Signal Level 0
(km2) Zone
　 31,422.26 79.5
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-80 4,186.34 10.6
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-82 5,522.01 14
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-86 8,962.24 22.7
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-93 17,507.21 44.3
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-96 21,793.95 55.1
%
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-
99 31,422.26 79.5
10594
90
85
81
76
72
67
63
58
54
49
45
40
36
31
27
22
18
13
9
4
0
-94
-93

-91
-90
-99
-98
-97
-96
-95

-92

-89
-88
-87
-86
-85
-84
-83
-82
-81
-80
-79
-78
-105
-104
-103
-102
-101
-100

Best Signal Level (dBm)

RS receive level prediction

Proposal II Proposal I

Focus
FocusZone
Zone
RS receive level prediction
POI
POI
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=- number of
%
80 POI
coverage>95% 499 93%
95%>coverage>85% 6 1%
85%>coverage>75% 5 1%
coverage<75% 26 5%
100
Total 534
%
RS receive level prediction

Population
Populationor
or
Traffic
Traffic
%Populatio
Coverage by Signal Level 0 n
99.82
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-80 37.49
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-82 46.57
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-86 65.73
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-93 90.62
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-96 96.33
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=- 99.82
105
RS receive level prediction

High
HighWay
Way

Coverage by Signal Level 0 %

Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-80 31.76

Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-82 37.9
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-86 51.02
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-93 74.38
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-96 82.2
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-105 93.66
RS receive level prediction
2000sites
Surface

2000sites

sites
Surface % Focus
Coverage by Signal Level
(km2) Zone
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-80 8,258.52 20.9
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-82 10,305.11 26.1
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-86 15,134.02 38.3
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-93 25,553.83 64.6
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-96 29,983.91 75.8
Best Signal Level (dBm) >=-
37,613.23 95.1
105
 Average throughput prediction

11.13Mbps

RU
%
100
96
92
87
83
79
75
71
67
62
58
54 50%CDF 9.16Mbps
50
46
42
37
33
29
25
21
17
CDF
12
8
　 RU SU MU DU
4
0 50%CDF kbps 9159 8594.4 6558.9 6106.5
6,000
8,000

12,000
14,000

20,000

28,000

34,000

44,000
0
2,000
4,000

10,000

16,000
18,000

22,000
24,000
26,000

30,000
32,000

36,000
38,000
40,000
42,000

46,000
48,000
50,000

Application Channel Throughput (DL) (kbps)

Average(kbps) 11138.5 10479.8 7633.2 6930.5
Average throughput prediction
User
Userprofile
profile

Calls/hou UL Volume DL Volume

Service Terminal r (KBytes) (KBytes)
FTP MIMO
1 1,000 4,000
Download Terminal

Density
(Subscribers/km2 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
)
Total number of 94.8 94.5 93.7 92.4 92.3 91.0
connected users % % % % % %
Signal Level Coverage Prediction
FDD-LTE network planning flow
Other coverage prediction
Monte Carlo simulation
FDD-LTE network planning flow
Signal quality prediction
Throughput prediction
Other coverage prediction

Effective modulation
Handover
FDD-LTE network planning flow
Contents

 FDD-LTE network deployment strategy

 FDD-LTE site selection
 FDD-LTE network simulation
 FDD-LTE spectral efficiency
Evolution of Speed
LTE Frequency and Bandwidth
E-UTRAN Band UL: eNode B receive, UE transmit DL: eNode B transmit, UE receive Duplex Mode
FUL_low – FUL_high FDL_low – FDL_high
1 1920 MHz – 1980 MHz 2110 MHz – 2170 MHz FDD
2 1850 MHz – 1910 MHz 1930 MHz – 1990 MHz FDD
3 1710 MHz – 1785 MHz 1805 MHz – 1880 MHz FDD
4 1710 MHz – 1755 MHz 2110 MHz – 2155 MHz FDD
5 824 MHz – 849 MHz 869 MHz – 894MHz FDD
6 830 MHz – 840 MHz 875 MHz – 885 MHz FDD
7 2500 MHz – 2570 MHz 2620 MHz – 2690 MHz FDD
8 880 MHz – 915 MHz 925 MHz – 960 MHz FDD
9 1749.9 MHz – 1784.9 MHz 1844.9 MHz – 1879.9 MHz FDD
10 1710 MHz – 1770 MHz 2110 MHz – 2170 MHz FDD
11 1427.9 MHz – 1452.9 MHz 1475.9 MHz – 1500.9 MHz FDD
12 [TBD] – [TBD] [TBD] – [TBD] FDD
13 777 MHz – 787 MHz 746 MHz – 756 MHz FDD
14 788 MHz – 798 MHz 758 MHz – 768 MHz FDD
... 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
33 1900 MHz – 1920 MHz 1900 MHz – 1920 MHz TDD
34 2010 MHz – 2025 MHz 2010 MHz – 2025 MHz TDD
35 1850 MHz – 1910 MHz 1850 MHz – 1910 MHz TDD
36 1930 MHz – 1990 MHz 1930 MHz – 1990 MHz TDD
37 1910 MHz – 1930 MHz 1910 MHz – 1930 MHz TDD
38 2570 MHz – 2620 MHz 2570 MHz – 2620 MHz TDD
39 1880 MHz - 1920 MHz 1880 MHz - 1920 MHz TDD
40 2300 MHz - 2400 MHz 2300 MHz - 2400 MHz TDD
Flexible Bandwidth

1.4M Unpaired-Spectrum

3M

5M
Paired-Spectrum
10M

15M

20M
LTE Spectrum Defined by 3GPP
Different bandwidth and antenna, different s
peed
Spectrum efficiency

 A comparison between different bandwidth

 Conclusion: It’s a little different between different

Spectrum efficiency
• A comparison between different MIMO mode

• Conclusion: The spectrum efficiency will increase if antenn

a increases.
Spectrum efficiency
• A comparison between different frequency

• Conclusion: The spectrum efficiency will be different in dif

ferent frequency. With the increase of frequency, the spe
ctrum efficiency decreases, especially when in a large sc
ale difference.
FDD-LTE BBU Solution Product － B8200

Carrier Support 3*20MHz

Baseband Capacity DL:450Mbps & UL:150Mbps

Active Users Support 1200 Users/Sector

Availability index ≥99.9997%

Interface 3xCPRI; 3xGE/FE 1xGPS;

B8200 8xE1/T1

Dimension (mm) 88.4(H)×482.6(W)×197 (D)

Weight 7.48kg Max.

Compact, light-weight, easy
installation Power Consumption 303W Max.

Plug & play, easy Power Supply -48VDC

maintenance
Low, green equipment Cooling Fan Cooling

Automatically network Working Temperature -15 ℃ ～ +50℃

planning and optimizing
FDD-LTE RRU Solution Product － R88
82
Carrier & Sector 20MHz Frequency Bandwidth

Availability 99.9998%

RF Output 2*40W

Receive Sensitivity (dBm) -131.15 dBm@QPSK;

-100.81 dBm@16QAM;
-89.6 dBm@64QAM

Interface 2 CPRI Ports and 4 Antenna Ports

Dimension (mm) 380(H) x 320(W) x 140(D)

R8882
Weight 18kg

Compact, light-weight, easy Power Consumption 330W Max; 197W AVG.

installation
Plug & play, easy Power Supply -48VDC
maintenance
Cooling Natural Cooling (No FAN)
Low TX power, green
equipment Working Temperature -40 ℃ ～ +55℃
Automatically network
planning and optimizing
FDD-LTE eNB Solution Product － B880
0
Carrier & Sector 3*20MHz

RF Output 4*40W

Receive Sensitivity (dBm) -131.15 dBm@QPSK;

-100.81 dBm@16QAM;
-89.6 dBm@64QAM

Active Users Support 1600 Users/Sector

Baseband Capacity DL:450Mbps & UL:150Mbps

Availability 99.9997%
BS8800
Backhaul Interface 3xGE/FE; 8xE1/T1

Dimension (mm) 950(H) × 600(W) × 450(D)

Large Capacity
Rich Interface Weight <150kg
Higher Efficiency, Lower Power Consumption 994W Avg. with S111(3*20MHz)
Power Consumption
Automatically network Power Supply -48VDC; 110~220VAC;+24VDC
planning and optimizing
Cooling Fan Cooling

Working Temperature -15 ℃ ～ +50℃

FDD-LTE eNB Solution Product － B8900
Carrier & Sector 3*20MHz

RF Output 4*40W

Receive Sensitivity (dBm) -131.15 dBm@QPSK;

-100.81 dBm@16QAM;
-89.6 dBm@64QAM

Active Users Support 1600 Users/Sector

Baseband Capacity DL:450Mbps & UL:150Mbps

Availability 99.9997%

Backhaul Interface 3xGE/FE; 8xE1/T1

BS8900
Dimension (mm) 1700(H)×950(D)×600(W)

Compact, light-weight, easy Weight Full configuration without

installation
battery: 355Kg
Plug & play, easy
maintenance Power Consumption 1105W Avg. with S111(3*20MHz)
Low TX power, green
Power Supply -48VDC; 110~220VAC;+24VDC
equipment
Automatically network Conditioner Heat Exchanger
planning and optimizing
Working Temperature -40 ℃ ～ +55℃
Glossary
 CBD: Central Business District
 QOS: Quality of Service
 RAB: Radio Access Bearer
 CW: Continuous Wave
 POI: Point of Interest
 RNP: Radio Network Planning
 DU: Dense urban
 SU: Suburbs urban
 RU: Rural urban
 MU: Medium urban
 SE: Spectrum Efficiency
 ESE: Effective Spectrum Efficiency
 ISD: Inter-station Distance
 CPRI: Common Public Radio Interface
 QPSK: Quaternary Phase Shift Keying
 QAM: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
 CDF: Cumulated Distribution Function