TPS and Materials Used in Re-Entry Vehicles
TPS and Materials Used in Re-Entry Vehicles
TPS and Materials Used in Re-Entry Vehicles
MATERIALS
USED IN RE-ENTRY
VEHICLES
ABHISHEK BERA
221711001001
2
NEED FOR THERMAL PROTECTION
SYSTEM
• The orbiter's aluminum • But higher streamlined
structure cannot withstand bodies are more accurate.
temperatures over
175 °C (347 °F) without
structural failure . Aerodynamic
heating during reentry would
push the temperature well
above this level in areas, so an
effective insulator is needed
(Thermal protection system).
• Aerodynamic heating is due to
Design of re-entry
3
THERMAL PROTECTION
1. Heat sinks
APPROACHES
• Process of removal of material from surface of
object by vaporization, chipping or erosion.
• Thus, whenever a vehicle faces a fixed amount
of heat energy designers can lower the peak 3. Radiative cooling
temperature by increasing the volume of its
material to “soak up” more heat. • Reducing equilibrium temperatures by emitting
most of the heat energy before a
2. Ablation vehicle’s structure can absorb .
4
THERMAL PROTECTION USING HEAT
ABLATION PROCESS
• Ablative materials can be 2. Charring, in which the
divided into the following two material pyrolyzes (e.g.,
classes: phenolics, plastic resins, and
1. Non-charring, in which no ablative ceramics).
chemical reaction
occurs inside
the material (e.g., carbon-
carbon or silica).
WORKING 5