Drugs That Affect Cardiovascular System
Drugs That Affect Cardiovascular System
Drugs That Affect Cardiovascular System
SYSTEM
1
Lecture outline
• Introduction
• Parasympathomimetic drugs
• Sympathomimetic drugs
2
Lecture outline
• Xanthines
• CNS stimulants
• Histamines
3
Introduction
4
Digitalis and related cardiac glycosides
• They include;
5
Mechanism of actions of cardiac glycosides
• They inhibit Mg2+-dependent Na+/K+-ATPase involved in
exchange of Na+ / K+ ions in the heart leading to a reduced
exchange of Na+ / K+ ions in myocardial cells.
. 6
Pharmacological effects of cardiac glycosides
7
Pharmacological effects of cardiac glycosides
8
Parasympathomimetic (cholinergic) drugs
• These drugs include;
Physiological acetylcholine,
Methacholine,
Bethanechol
Carbechol.
9
Mechanism of action and pharmacological effects on CVS
10
Mechanism of action and pharmacological effects on CVS
12
Mechanism of actions of adrenergic drugs on CVS
13
General pharmacological effects of adrenergic
drugs on CVS
• The stimulation of β-adrenoceptors in the heart cause
increased rate, automaticity and increased velocity in
conducting tissue. Myocardium contractility and oxygen
consumption is also increased.
14
Pharmacological effects of specific adrenergic drugs
• Adrenaline stimulates both α and β – adrenoceptors
causing constriction of arterioles (vasoconstriction).
17
Mechanism of actions of adrenergic antagonists on CVS
• α-adrenoceptor antagonists block the α1 and α2
adrenoceptors on the effector organ. β – adrenoceptors
antagonists selectively block β receptors effect of
adrenaline.
21
Anticholinergic drugs that act on CVS
Hyoscyamine,
Hyoscine
Homatropine.
22
Mechanism of action and pharmacological effects of
anticholinergic drugs on CVS
23
Mechanism of action and pharmacological effects of
anticholinergic drugs on CVS
24
Xanthines that act on CVS
Caffeine,
Theophylline
Theobromine
25
Mechanism of actions and pharmacological effects on
CVS
• Xanthines such as caffeine and theophylline directly
stimulate the myocardium and cause increased cardiac
output, tachycardia and, sometimes ectopic beats and
palpations.
26
Mechanism of actions and pharmacological effects of
central nervous system (CNS) stimulants on CVS
27
Mechanism of actions/pharmacological
effects of histamine on CVS
• Histamine: Stimulates H1 and H2 histamine receptors.
The pharmacological effects include dilation of
terminal arterioles, capillaries and venules, increased
capillary permeability leading to oedema.
28
Mechanism of actions/pharmacological effects of
histamine on CVS
30
Other drugs affecting cardiovascular functions
• Class IB drugs: They block sodium channel and have
shortened refractoriness.
32
Other drugs affecting cardiovascular functions
• An example is verapamil
33
Application of cardiovascular drugs in clinical
medicine
34
References
35