Scribd
Upload
84 views

Submitted To, Name-Mr. Ankush Tandon Sir (Assistant Professor)

1. Power transformers are used to step up or down system voltages at substations for efficient power transmission and distribution. Larger transformers over 10MVA may use forced oil, water, or air cooling. 2. Current and potential transformers are used to provide safe, low voltage outputs proportional to primary circuit currents and voltages for metering and protection applications. 3. Circuit breakers are used to isolate faults and protect zones of a power system. They employ various mediums like SF6 gas or compressed air to rapidly quench arcs during fault interruption.

Uploaded by

Himanshu Soni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
84 views

Submitted To, Name-Mr. Ankush Tandon Sir (Assistant Professor)

1. Power transformers are used to step up or down system voltages at substations for efficient power transmission and distribution. Larger transformers over 10MVA may use forced oil, water, or air cooling. 2. Current and potential transformers are used to provide safe, low voltage outputs proportional to primary circuit currents and voltages for metering and protection applications. 3. Circuit breakers are used to isolate faults and protect zones of a power system. They employ various mediums like SF6 gas or compressed air to rapidly quench arcs during fault interruption.

Uploaded by

Himanshu Soni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

{

SUBMITTED TO ,
Name- Mr. Ankush Tandon Sir
(Assistant Professor)
Power Transfer
 For stepping up or down the system voltage, power
transformers are used in the substations. At generating end, the
voltage is only stepped up for transmission of power while at all
the subsequent substations the voltage is gradually stepped
down to reach finally to working voltage level.
 General natural cooled, oil immersed, two winding, three phase

{
transformers up to the rating of 10 MVA are installed upon
length of rails fixed on concrete slabs having foundations 1 to
15m deep .
 For more than 10 MVA ratings, forced oil, water cooling and air
blast cooling type may be used. The tap changers are used for
regulating the voltage of transformers.
Windings:
 Winding shall be of electrolytic grade copper free from scales & burrs. Windings
shall be made in dust proof and conditioned atmosphere. Coils shall be insulated
that impulse and power frequency voltage stresses are minimum. Coils assembly
shall be suitably supported between adjacent sections by insulating spacers and
barriers. Bracing and other insulation used in assembly of the winding shall be
arranged to ensure a free circulation of the oil and to reduce the hot spot of the
winding. All windings of the transformers having voltage less than 66 kV shall be
fully insulated. Tapping shall be so arranged as to preserve the magnetic balance of
the transformer at all voltage ratio. All leads from the windings to the terminal
board and bushing shall be rigidly supported to prevent injury from vibration short
circuit stresses.
 
Tanks and fittings:
Tank shall be of welded construction & fabricated from tested quality low carbon
steel of adequate thickness. After completion of welding, all joints shall be subjected
to dye penetration testing.
At least two adequately sized inspection openings one at each end of the tank shall
be provided for easy access to bushing & earth connections. Turrets & other parts
surrounding the conductor of individual phase shall be non-magnetic. The main
tank body including tap changing compartment, radiators shall be capable of
withstanding full vacuum.
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
 As you all know this is the device which provides the pre-
decoded fraction of the primary current passing through the
line/bus main circuit. Such as primary current 60A, 75A,
150A, 240A, 300A, 400A, to the secondary output of 1A to
5A.
 Now a day mostly separate CT units are used instead of
bushing mounting CT’s on leveled structure they should be
for oil level indication and base should be earthed properly.
{
Care should be taken so that there should be no strain as the
terminals.
 When connecting the jumpers, mostly secondary connections
is taken to three unction boxes where star delta formation is
connected for three phase and final leads taken to
protection /metering scheme. There should be no chance of
secondary circuit remaining opens as it leads to extremely
high voltage which ultimately damages the CT itself.
 It can be used to supply information for measuring
power flows and the electrical inputs for the operation of
protective relays associated with the transmission and
distribution circuit or for power transformer.

 These CT’s have the primary winding connected in series


with the conductor carrying the current to be measured
or controlled. The secondary winding is thus insulated
from the high voltage and can then be connected to low
voltage metering circuits.
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER

 A potential transformer (PT) is used to transform the high voltage of a power line to a
lower value, which is in the range of an ac voltmeter or the potential coil of an ac
voltmeter.
The voltage transformers are classified as under:
 Capacitive voltage transformer or capacitive type
 Electromagnetic type.
 Capacitive voltage transformer is being used more and more for voltage measurement
in high voltage transmission network, particularly for systems voltage of 132KV and
above where it becomes increasingly more economical. It enables measurement of the
line to earth voltage to be made with simultaneous provision for carrier frequency
coupling, which has reached wide application in modern high voltage network for
tele-metering remote control and telephone communication purpose.
 The capacitance type voltage transformers are of twp type:
 Coupling Capacitor type
 Pushing Type
 The performance of CVT is affected by the supply
frequency switching transient and magnitude of connected
Burdon. The CVT is more economical than an
electromagnetic voltage transformer when the nominal
supply voltage increases above 66KV.
 The carrier current equipment can be connected via the

capacitor of the CVT. There by there is no need of separate


coupling capacitor. The capacitor connected in series act
like potential dividers, provided, the current taken by
burden is negligible compared with current passing
through the series connected capacitor.
CVT as coupling capacitor for carrier current application:
 The carrier current equipment's is connected to the power

line via coupling capacitor. The coupling CVT combines


the function of coupling and voltage transformer.
CIRCUIT BREAKER
 The function of relays and circuit breakers in the operation of a power
system is to prevent or limit damage during faults or overloads, and to
minimize their effect on the remainder of the system. This is
accomplished by dividing the system into protective zones separated by
circuit breakers. During a fault, the zone which includes the faulted
apparatus is de-energized and disconnected from the system. In addition
to its protective function, a circuit breaker is also used for circuit
switching under normal conditions.
 Each having its protective relays for determining the existence of a fault in
that zone and having circuit breakers for disconnecting that zone from the
system. It is desirable to restrict the amount of system disconnected by a
given fault; as for example to a single transformer, line section, machine,
or bus section. However, economic considerations frequently limit the
number of circuit breakers to those required for normal operation and
some compromises result in the relay protection.
 Some of the manufacturers are ABB, AREVA, Cutler-
Hammer (Eaton), Mitsubishi Electric, Pennsylvania Breaker,
Schneider Electric, Siemens, Toshiba, Končar HVS and
others.
 Circuit breaker can be classified as "live tank", where the
enclosure that contains the breaking mechanism is at line
potential, or dead tank with the enclosure at earth potential.
High-voltage AC circuit breakers are routinely available with
ratings up to 765,000 volts.

Various types of circuit breakers:-


 SF6 Circuit Breaker
 Air Blast Circuit Breaker
 Oil Circuit Breaker
 Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker (BOCB)
 Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker
 Sulphur hexafluoride has proved its-self as an excellent insulating and
arc quenching medium. It has been extensively used during the last 30
years in circuit breakers, gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), high voltage
capacitors, bushings, and gas insulated transmission lines. In SF6
breakers the contacts are surrounded by low pressure SF6 gas. At the
moment the contacts are opened, a small amount of gas is compressed
and forced through the arc to extinguish it.
AIR BLAST CIRCUIT BREAKER:

The principle of arc interruption in air blast circuit breakers is


to direct a blast of air, at high pressure and velocity, to the arc.
Fresh and dry air of the air blast will replace the ionized hot
gases within the arc zone and the arc length is considerably
increased. Consequently the arc may be interrupted at the first
natural current zero. In this type of breaker, the contacts are
surrounded by compressed air. When the contacts are opened
the compressed air is released in forced blast through the arc
to the atmosphere extinguishing the arc in the process.

You might also like