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"DC Generators": AV-222 Electromechanical Systems

- DC generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy by using a prime mover like an engine or motor to spin a shaft and induce a voltage in the generator's armature. - There are three main types of DC generators: separately excited, shunt, and series. They differ in how their field windings are connected in relation to the armature and terminals. - The terminal voltage and current characteristics of each generator type are determined by Kirchhoff's voltage law applied to their equivalent circuits, and how the internal induced voltage and armature resistance/current relate under loading conditions. - Generators can be controlled by varying the field excitation through the field current or resistance to adjust the internal induced voltage and

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31 views15 pages

"DC Generators": AV-222 Electromechanical Systems

- DC generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy by using a prime mover like an engine or motor to spin a shaft and induce a voltage in the generator's armature. - There are three main types of DC generators: separately excited, shunt, and series. They differ in how their field windings are connected in relation to the armature and terminals. - The terminal voltage and current characteristics of each generator type are determined by Kirchhoff's voltage law applied to their equivalent circuits, and how the internal induced voltage and armature resistance/current relate under loading conditions. - Generators can be controlled by varying the field excitation through the field current or resistance to adjust the internal induced voltage and

Uploaded by

Syed Haider
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AV-222

ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Lecture No 10

“DC GENERATORS”

Instructor: Flt Lt Ahnaf Lodhi


Class: 83(B)
Electric Machinery Fundamentals Ch 9.6:

Avionics Engineering Department


DC Generators
• Converts mechanical to electrical energy
• Types
– Similar to those defined for motor
– Different in terminal characteristics
• Voltage-Current at the terminal
• Source of mechanical movement
– Prime mover
• Turbine, engine or motor
– Output characteristics of generators compared
assuming constant speed prime movers
• AC Generators more common
– Used in conjunction with rectifiers for DC output
Equivalent Circuit of a DC Generator
Separately excited DC Generator
• Terminal characteristics
– Outputs
• Terminal voltage and line current
– Line current same as armature current for DC
generator
Separately Excited DC Generator
• Terminal characteristics
• KVL on the generator circuit
• Generated voltage independent of armature
current
Separately Excited DC Generator
• Terminal characteristics
– KVL on the generator circuit
– Generated voltage independent of armature current
– Load increased (How?)
• IL and therefore IA increases
• Voltage drop against armature resistance increases
• Terminal voltage of the generator falls
– With armature reaction
• Increase in IA increases AR causing flux weakening
• Reduced flux reduces the induced voltage
• Further decreases terminal voltage
Separately Excited DC generator
• Control of terminal voltage
– By changing EA
– Increasing induced voltage, terminal voltage
increases and vice versa
– Controlling EA
• Change speed of rotation
• Change field current
– Decrease RF to increase field current
– Increase flux causes induced voltage to increase
Shunt DC Generator
• Field provided current directly by connecting it to
terminals
• Armature current
Shunt DC Motor
• KVL
• Advantage over separately excited generator
– Absence of any external power supply
• How to get that initial flux to get the generator
started
• Voltage buildup
– Depends on presence of residual flux in poles
– Initial internal voltage
• Small in magnitude but causes current to flow in field coils

• Increases flux in turn causing internal voltage to increase


• Terminal voltage increases causing field current to increase further
Shunt DC Generator
• Terminal characteristics
Shunt DC Generator
• Voltage control
– Change field resistor of the generator
• Principal method
• Decreasing field resistance increases field current
• Increases flux in turn increasing internal voltage
• Increases terminal voltage
– Change shaft speed
• Increases internal voltage causing terminal voltage to
increase
Shunt DC Generator
• Analysis
– At no load
– KVL

– Magnetization curve: line of all possible internal


voltage values
– Terminal voltages line
– Identify armature drop line between these two curves
to find terminal voltage for a given load and armature
current
Series DC Generator
• Field connected in series with the armature
• Field to have relatively few turns
– Because of much higher armature current
– Magnetomotive force

• Higher current with less turns for same force


– Field to have lowest possible resistance
Series DC Generator
• KVL
• Terminal Characteristics
– Residual flux at no load condition causing small
terminal voltage
– Initially the internal voltage increases rapidly to
increase terminal voltage
– After a while drop across resistance becomes
predominant and terminal voltage starts to fall
• Large negative voltage regulation system
Series DC Generator

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