Transport System in Human
Transport System in Human
Transport System in Human
human
Circulatory System
The main
transport system
of human is the
circulatory
system; a
system of tubes
(blood vessels)
with a pump (the
heart) and
valves to ensure
one-way flow of
blood
Human circulation
To transport
nutrients and
oxygen to the
cells.
To remove waste
and carbon
dioxide from the
cells.
To provide for
efficient gas
exchange.
Double Circulation
The right side of
the heart collects
deoxygenated
blood form the
body and pumps it
to the lungs.
The left side
collects oxygenated
blood from the
lungs and pumps it
to the body.
Double Circulation
Double
circulation
system: the
blood travels
through the
heart twice on
one complete
journey around
the body
Importance of a double
circulation
Oxygenated blood is kept
separate from deoxygenated
blood. The septum in the heart
ensures this complete separation.
The blood pressure in the
systemic circulation is kept
higher than that in the pulmonary
circulation.
Structure of Heart
Muscular wall
Septum
Chambers
valves
Associated blood
vessels
Structure of Heart
Function of heart
Blood in the right
ventricle (RV) is pump to
the lungs
Blood from the lungs
flows back into the left
atrium (LA) and then into
the left ventricle (LV).
Blood in the LV is
pumped through the
body (except for the
lungs)
Blood returns to the
heart where it enters the
right atrium (RA).
Muscular contraction
The heart is made of a special
type of muscle called cardiac
muscle which contracts and
relaxes regularly, throughout life.
The heart’s muscle is constantly
active, so it needs its own blood
supply, through the coronary
artery, to provide it with oxygen
and glucose.
Working of the valves
Valves in the heart prevent blood
from being pushed backwards up
into the atria when the heart
‘beats’.
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
Semilunar valve
Common misconception
Remember that blood passing
through the chambers of the
heart does not supply the heart
muscle with oxygen or glucose.
The heart muscles has its own
blood supply - via the coronary
arteries - to do this.
Internal structure of heart
Structure of Heart
Heart beating controlled by
pacemaker
Healthy person has 70 bpm at
rest
Contraction and relaxation of
cardiac muscles are controlled by
a specialized tissue; pacemaker.
Pacemaker: sinoatrial node &
atrioventricular node in the wall
of right atrium
pacemaker
Pacemaker is sensitive to the
swelling of the heart wall as
blood entering the atria
Transfer electrical signals to the
effector cardiac muscles
The atria contract just before the
ventricles
The heartbeat is fast enough to
meet the demand of nutrients
and oxygen