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    Lecture 21

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    Anaya Malik
    The document discusses various aspects of job design including: 1. Job designers consider what tasks will be done, who will do them, how they will be done, where they will be done, and ergonomics. 2. For job design to be successful it must be carried out by experienced personnel, be consistent with organizational goals, be documented and agreed upon by management and employees, and be shared with new employees. 3. Factors that affect job design include lack of knowledge, lack of management support, lack of documentation, and different approaches like efficiency and behavioral schools.

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    Lecture 21

    Uploaded by

    Anaya Malik
    23 views18 pages
    The document discusses various aspects of job design including: 1. Job designers consider what tasks will be done, who will do them, how they will be done, where they will be done, and ergonomics. 2. For job design to be successful it must be carried out by experienced personnel, be consistent with organizational goals, be documented and agreed upon by management and employees, and be shared with new employees. 3. Factors that affect job design include lack of knowledge, lack of management support, lack of documentation, and different approaches like efficiency and behavioral schools.

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    The document discusses various aspects of job design including: 1. Job designers consider what tasks will be done, who will do them, how they will be done, where they will be done, and ergonomics. 2. For job design to be successful it must be carried out by experienced personnel, be consistent with organizational goals, be documented and agreed upon by management and employees, and be shared with new employees. 3. Factors that affect job design include lack of knowledge, lack of management support, lack of documentation, and different approaches like efficiency and behavioral schools.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    23 views18 pages

    Lecture 21

    Uploaded by

    Anaya Malik
    The document discusses various aspects of job design including: 1. Job designers consider what tasks will be done, who will do them, how they will be done, where they will be done, and ergonomics. 2. For job design to be successful it must be carried out by experienced personnel, be consistent with organizational goals, be documented and agreed upon by management and employees, and be shared with new employees. 3. Factors that affect job design include lack of knowledge, lack of management support, lack of documentation, and different approaches like efficiency and behavioral schools.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    7-1 Design of Work Systems

    Job Design
     Job design involves specifying the content and
    methods of job. IN general the goal of the job
    design is to create a work system that is not only
    productive but also efficient.
     Job designers are concerned with:-
    1. What will be done?
    2. Who will do the job?
    3. How the job will be done?
    4. Where the job will be done?
    5. Ergonomics.
    7-2 Design of Work Systems

    Job Design
     To be successful Job design must be

    1. Carried out by experienced personnel who have


    the necessary training and background.
    2. Consistent with the goals of the organization.
    3. In documented form.
    4. Understood and agreed by both management and
    employees.
    5. Shared with the new employees.
    7-3
    Factors that affect Job Design
    Design of Work Systems

     FACTORS that affect Job design include

    1. Lack of knowledge of the employees.


    2. Lack of Management support.
    3. Lack of documented job design which often leads
    to poor audit review and referral.
    4. Job Design can be carried out in 2 ways the
    Efficient School and the Behavior School.
    5. Efficiency School was popular in 1950s based on
    Frederick W Taylor's Scientific Management
    principles.
    6. Behavior school is relatively new concept and
    focused on ways to eliminate workers
    dissatisfaction and incorporate the feeling of
    control in work.
    7-4 Design of Work Systems

    Design of Work Systems

    1. Specialization
    2. Behavioral Approaches to Job Design
    3. Teams
    4. Methods Analysis
    5. Motions Study
    6. Working conditions
    7-5 Design of Work Systems

    1 Specialization
     The term specialization refers to work that
    concentrates on some aspect of a product or
    service.
     Jobs that have a narrow scope.

     Specialization jobs tend to yield high productivity,


    low unit costs and lead to high standard of living
    in most of the industrial nations.
    7-6 Design of Work Systems

    Specialization in Business: Advantages


    Table 7.1

    For Management: For Labor:


    1. Simplifies training 1. Low education and
    skill requirements
    2. High productivity
    2. Minimum
    3. Low wage costs
    responsibilities
    3. Little mental effort
    needed
    7-7 Design of Work Systems

    Disadvantages
    Table 7.1

    For Management: For Labor:


    1. Difficult to motivate 1. Monotonous work
    quality 2. Limited opportunities
    2. Worker dissatisfaction, for advancement
    possibly resulting in 3. Little control over work
    absenteeism, high
    4. Little opportunity for
    turnover, disruptive
    self-fulfillment
    tactics, poor attention
    to quality
    7-8 2. Behavioral Approaches to Job
    Design of Work Systems

    Design

    1. Job Enlargement
     Giving a worker a larger portion of the total
    task by horizontal loading
    2. Job Rotation
     Workers periodically exchange jobs
    3. Job Enrichment
     Increasing responsibility for planning and
    coordination tasks, by vertical loading
    7-9 Design of Work Systems

    Motivation and Trust

    Motivation
     Influences quality and productivity.
     Contributes to work environment.
    Trust
     Influences productivity and employee-
    management relations.
    7-10 Design of Work Systems

    Teams

    1. Benefits of teams:
     Higher quality
     Higher productivity
     Greater worker satisfaction
    2. Self-directed teams:
     Groups of empowered to make certain
    changes in their work process.
    7-11 Design of Work Systems

    Methods Analysis

    Methods analysis
     Analyzing how a job gets done
     Begins with overall analysis
     Moves to specific details
    7-12 Design of Work Systems

    Methods Analysis

    The need for methods analysis can come


    from a number of different sources:
    1. Changes in tools and equipment
    2. Changes in product design
    or new products
    3. Changes in materials or procedures
    4. Other factors (e.g. accidents, quality
    problems)
    7-13 Design of Work Systems

    Methods Analysis Procedure

    1. Identify the operation to be studied


    2. Get employee input
    3. Study and document current method
    4. Analyze the job
    5. Propose new methods
    6. Install new methods
    7. Follow-up to ensure improvements
    have been achieved
    7-14 Design of Work Systems

    Selecting an Operations to study


    The guidelines for studying a job would include
     A high labor content.
     Repeated frequently.

     Unsafe, tiring, unpleasant, noisy and


    environmentally poor.
     Quality problems, scheduling bottlenecks etc.

     Sometimes a supervisor or a foreman may request


    an operations or part of the operations to be
    studied.
    7-15 Design of Work Systems

    Analyzing the Job

    1. Flow process chart


     Chart used to examine the overall
    sequence of an operation by focusing on
    movements of the operator or flow of
    materials
    2. Worker-machine chart
     Chart used to determine portions of a
    work cycle during which an operator and
    equipment are busy or idle
    7-16 Design of Work Systems

    Motion Study

    Motion study is the systematic study of the


    human motions used to perform an operation.
    7-17 Design of Work Systems

    Motion Study

    1. The purpose is to eliminate /weed-out


    unnecessary motions and identify the
    best sequence of operations for
    maximum efficiency.
    2. Motion study forms an important part
    in productivity improvements.
    7-18 Design of Work Systems

    Motion Study Techniques

    1. Motion study principles


    2. Analysis of therbligs
    3. Micromotion study

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