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Basic Linux Commands

This document provides an introduction to Unix/Linux. It discusses why Unix/Linux is useful as an operating system, especially for programmers and scientists. It describes how to connect to a Unix/Linux system using a terminal and navigate directories and files using commands like ls, cd, pwd, cp, mv, rm, and grep. It also covers commands for finding, editing, and piping text like find, history, cat, echo, wc, sort. The document recommends resources for learning more about Unix.

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38 views39 pages

Basic Linux Commands

This document provides an introduction to Unix/Linux. It discusses why Unix/Linux is useful as an operating system, especially for programmers and scientists. It describes how to connect to a Unix/Linux system using a terminal and navigate directories and files using commands like ls, cd, pwd, cp, mv, rm, and grep. It also covers commands for finding, editing, and piping text like find, history, cat, echo, wc, sort. The document recommends resources for learning more about Unix.

Uploaded by

dhivya a
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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Introduction to Unix/Linux

Introduction: Why Unix/Linux?

 Linux is free
 It’s fully customizable
 It’s stable (i.e. it almost never crashes)

 These characteristics make it an ideal OS


for programmers and scientists
Connecting to a Unix/Linux system
 Open up a terminal:
Connecting to a Unix/Linux system
 Open up a terminal:

The “prompt”

The current directory (“path”)

The host
Help!

 Whenever you need help with a command


type “man” and the command name
Help!
Help!
Help!
File Handling commands-mkdir

 The “mkdir” (Make directory) command create a new directory.

 If directory already exists, it will return an error message “cannot


create folder, folder already exists”.

 Syntax: mkdir directory_name

 Example: mkdir student


Command: mkdir
 To create a new directory use “mkdir”
LS
Command: ls
 To list the files in the current directory use “ls”
Command: ls

 ls has many options


 -l long list (displays lots of info)
 -t sort by modification time
 -S sort by size
 -h list file sizes in human readable format
 -r reverse the order
 “man ls” for more options
 Options can be combined: “ls -ltr”
Command: ls -ltr
 List files by time in reverse order with long listing
cd

 It is used for changing the directory.

 Syntax: cd dir_name

 Example: cd student
Command: cd
 To change to a specific directory use “cd”
Command: cd

 “~” is the location of your home directory


Command: cd
 “..” is the location of the directory below
current one
pwd

 It prints the current working directory with


full path name from terminal.

 Syntax: pwd
pwd

 To find your current path use “pwd”


cp

 It copies a file from one location to another


location.

 Syntax: cp src_file desti_file

 Example: cp file1 file2


Command: cp

 To copy a file use “cp”


mv

 The “mv” command moves a file from one


location to another location.

 Syntax: mv source destination

 Example: mv file1 student


Command: mv

 To move a file to a different location use “mv”


Command: mv

 mv can also be used to rename a file


rm

 rm remove
 files or directories
 Usage: rm [OPTION]... FILE...
 eg. rm file1.txt , rm rf some_dir
Command: rm

 To remove a file use “rm”


Command: rm

 To remove a file “recursively”: rm –r


 Used to remove all files and directories
 Be very careful, deletions are permanent
in Unix/Linux
Command: rmdir
 To remove and empty directory use “rmdir”
find & history

 find – search for files in a directory


hierarchy
 Usage: find [OPTION] [path] [pattern]
 eg. find file1.txt, find name file1.txt
 • history – prints recently used commands
 Usage: history
Text Processing-cat

 It is used to create a file with content.


 And can concatenate two or more file contents.

 Syntax: cat > filename

 Example: cat > file1


echo
 Prints a text on the standard output.

 However in an interactive script, echo passes the message to


the user through terminal.

 Syntax: echo message


 Usage: echo [OPTION] [string] ...
 Example: echo hello class
 eg. echo I love India
 echo $HOME
grep

 It searches the given file for lines


containing a match to the given strings or
words.
 Syntax: grep word filename
 Example: grep m file2
Command: grep
 To search files in a directory for a specific
string use “grep”
wc

 wc print the number of newlines, words,


and bytes in files
 Usage: wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...
 eg. wc file1.txt
 wc L file1.txt
A few examples of piping
sort

 sort – sort lines of text files


 Usage: sort [OPTION]... [FILE]...
 eg. sort file1.txt
 sort r file1.txt
Unix Web Resources

 http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/

 http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?help.be
ginners

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix

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