COMMunication BARRIERS

EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
Takes place when:

Speaker delivers message clearly (sender)
Listener understands the message (receiver)
However,
Effective communication does not take place when
there are obstacles known as
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
7
7 Barriers
Barriers of
of
Communicat
Communicat
ion
ion
Status
Status
Differences
Differences
Semanti Personal
cs Barriers
Informatio
Informatio Psychologi
Psychologi
nn Overload
Overload cal
cal Barriers
Barriers
Filterin Frame
Frame of
of
g Reference
Reference
3.1 PERSONAL BARRIERS
 Relates to the factors that are personal to the
sender and receiver and act as a hindrance in the
communication process. These factors include the
life experiences, difference in judgment,
inferiority complex, bias, pressure of
time,inability to communicate, emotions and
attitudes, behavior that hinders the ability of a
person to communicate.
THE MOST COMMON PERSONAL BARRIERS ARE:
COMMON
COMMON
PERSONAL
PERSONAL
BARRIERS
BARRIERS
1. LACK OF LISTENING SKILLS
 The efficiency of communication process gets
disturbed when the receiver listens only with ears
but do not apply his mind. Often, the receiver
listens to what he wants to listen and give no
attention to other aspects of the information,
thereby acting as a hindrance to the effective
communication.
2. SELECTIVE ATTENTION
 This problem arises when the person is impatient
and put his objective above all. He gives ears to
only that part of the information which is helpful
for him and fulfills his objective and ignores all
other aspects.
3. LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
 The communication process suffers if the sender
and receiver have less knowledge about the
subject matter.
4. LACK OF VOCABULARY
 The communication problem arises when the
sender uses some words which are difficult for
the receiver to comprehend correctly.
3.2 PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
 Refers to the psychological state e.i. opinions,
attitudes, status consciousness, emotions, etc. of a
person that deeply affects the ability to
communicate.
 The communication largely depends on the mental
condition of a person. If a person is not mentally
or emotionally sound, then he cannot
communicate effectively either as a sender or a
receiver.
KINDS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
Psychological Barriers
Lack of Premature Poor

Attention Evaluation Retention
1. LACK OF ATTENTION
 When a person is pre-occupied by some other
things and do not listen carefully to what the
other person is speaking, then arises the
psychological barrier in the communication.
 When the person does not listen to others, then he
won’t be able to comprehend the message as it
was intended and will not be able to give proper
feedback.
2. PREMATURE EVALUATION
 Many people have a tendency to jump to the
conclusions directly and form judgments without
considering all the aspects of information. This
generally done by the people who are impatient
and resort to a selective listening. This premature
evaluation of the information acts as a barrier to
the effective communication and lowers the
morale of the sender.
3. POOR RETENTION
 Refers to the capacity of a brain to retain or store
things in the memory. The brain does not store all
the information came across but in fact, retain
only those which deems to be helpful in the
future. Therefore, much of the information gets
lost during the retention process, and this acts as
a barrier to the effective communication.
4. LOSS IN TRANSMISSION
 The loss in transmission means, whenever the
information exchanges hands its credibility
reduces. It is most often observed in the case of
an oral communication where people handle
information carelessly and transmits the
information which has lost some of its truth.
Thus, the improper and lack of information being
transmitted to others acts as a hindrance in the
communication process.
5. DISTRUST
 To have effective communication, it is a must that
both the communicators (sender and receiver)
trust each other. In case there is a lack of trust
between both parties, then they will tend to
derive negative meaning out of the message and
often ignore what has been communicated. If the
receiver has no trust, then he will not listen to
whatever is being said by the sender, and this will
result in a meaningless communication.
6. EMOTIONS
 The communication is greatly influenced by the
emotions of a person. If a person is not in a good
temperament, then he would not listen properly to
whatever is said and might say things offending the
sender. Several other emotions such as anger,
nervousness, confusion, restlessness, etc. affects the
communication process. Thus, every human being has
a unique mind which composed of varied emotions,
beliefs, perceptions, opinions, and thoughts that
facilitate different forms of communication.
3.3 FRAME OF REFERENCE
 Every sender and receiver have their own sense
of perceiving the things according to their own
level of understanding. If sender and receiver do
not share the somewhat same frame of reference
then communication process might become a
failure
 Comes from parents, teachers experiences,
cultures, education, and the media
FRAME OF REFERENCE AS A BARRIER TO COMMUNICATION
 Limits amount of knowledge needed to make a

reasoned judgment
 Decisions are made before all aspects of the
situation are clear and represented
 Beliefs are not thoroughly researched
EXAMPLES OF FRAME OF REFERENCE
 The way we were raised
 Our geographic location
 Religion
 Education
 Culture
 Our perspective of the world
 media
WAYS TO ALLEVIATE A LIMITED FRAME OF REFERENCE
 Your world is not the only world

 Curiosity: continually seek knowledge
 Willingness to listen and understand others
 Place yourself in someone else’s shoes
 Understand that nobody knows everything
 Recognize that life is a learning process
 Attempt to answer your own questions by research
 Do not assume anything you don’t understand
3.4 FILTERING
 Is a distortion or withholding of information to
manage a person’s reactions.
 Prevents members of an organization from getting a
complete picture of the way thing are.
 To maximize your chances of sending and receiving
effective communications, it’s helpful to deliver a
message in multiple ways and seek information from
multiple sources. In this way, the effect of any one
person’s filtering the message will be diminished.
CRITERIA TO FILTER A MESSAGE
 Past experience- was the sender rewarded for
passing along news of this kind in the past, or was
she criticized?
 Knowledge, perception of the speaker: Has the
receiver’s direct superior made it clear that “no
news is good news”?
 Emotional state, involvement with the topic, level
of attention: Does the sender’s fear of failure or
criticism prevent him from conveying the message?
3.5 INFORMATION OVERLOAD
 Can be defined as “occurring when the
information process demands on an individual’s
time to perform interaction and internal
calculations exceed the supply or capacity of the
time available for such processing
 A symptom of the high-tech age, which too is
much information for one human being to absorb
in an expanding world of people and technology
SOURCES OF INFORMATION OVERLOAD
 Television
 Newspaper
 Magazines
 Internet
 Social media
 Regular mail, email, faxes
 advertisement
3.6 SEMANTICS
 Refers to the misunderstanding between the sender
and receiver arising due to different meanings of
words, and other symbols used in the
communication.
 A semantic problem arises when words and
symbols have different meanings for different
people that lead to a misunderstanding.
 Presents a difficult challenge when people from
different cultures communicate with each other.
MAIN LANGUAGE BARRIERS
Semantic
Barriers
Bad
Expressions
Words with
Technical Different
jargons Meanings
Denotations
Faulty
and
Connotations Translations
Unclarified
Assumptions
1. BAD EXPRESSION
 The message is not formulated properly and the
language used is so difficult that it could be
misinterpreted by the recipient.
 The message is said to be badly expressed if the wrong
words are chosen, the sentences are not sequenced
properly, and there is a frequent repetition of words or
sentences.
 The badly expressed messages consume a lot of time as
it requires corrections and clarifications and also the
impact of the message gets reduced.
2. SYMBOLS, OR WORDS WITH DIFFERENT MEANINGS
 There are several words that carry different

meanings and often, people get confused with
these words and interpret these differently du to
the difference in their educational and social
backgrounds.
 Examples: The bird sanctuary is full of cranes.
 The builder used a crane to lift heavy steel rods.
 The girl has to crane her neck to watch the movie
3. FAULTY TRANSLATION
 The sender translates the message as per his level

of understanding irrespective of the recipient’s
comprehension level.
4. UNCLARIFIED ASSUMPTIONS
 Sometimes the sender creates assumptions about
certain things which he feels the receiver must be
knowing about it and focus only on the subject
matter. But in the case of a special message, if the
assumptions are vague and unknown to the
receiver then the communication might get
adversely affected.
5. DENOTATIONS AND CONNOTATIONS THE DEN
 The denotation means the literal meaning of the

word, it just shows the name of the object and
does not imply any negative or positive qualities.
The denotation barriers arise due to the sender and
receiver using a different definition and meaning
of the word used in the message.
 Connotation is the implied meaning of the word
that arouses personal meaning depending on the
context in which it is used.
6. TECHNICAL JARGONS
 Often people working in the technical groups such
as engineers, production managers, IT managers,
etc. use the technical jargons in their
communication which is quite difficult for the
layman to understand. Thus, the use of technical
jargons in communication can act as a barrier.
 Most jargons consists of unfamiliar terms, abstract
words nonexistent words, acronyms and
abbreviations.
3.7 STATUS DIFFERENCES
 Status or position in the hierarchy of an
organization is one of the fundamental barriers
that obstructs free flow of information. A superior
may give only selected information to his
subordinates so as to maintain status differences.
Subordinates, usually, tend to convey only those
things which the superiors would appreciate.
TWO ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL STATUS
 Ascribed status- is determined at birth and
includes characteristics such as sex, age, race
and family background
 Achieved status- is what an individual acquires as
a result of the exercise of knowledge, ability,
talent. Skill, and/or perseverance.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING. . .
Reported by:
Genelyn T. Gawaran
Alona E. Gonia
Jennifer L. Mina
Ma. Pacita I. Urot

COMMunication BARRIERS

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COMMunication BARRIERS

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EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

Takes place when:

Lack of Premature Poor

 Limits amount of knowledge needed to make a

 Your world is not the only world

 There are several words that carry different

 The sender translates the message as per his level

 The denotation means the literal meaning of the

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