NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE

PRESENTED BY:
ISHITA SHARMA
KAMIN PATUK
KHUSHBU SINGH
KOMAL TOMAR
• NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE IS
AN ARCHITECTURAL STYLE PRODUCED BY
THE NEOCLASSICAL MOVEMENT THAT BEGAN
IN THE MID-18TH CENTURY. IN ITS PUREST
FORM, IT IS A STYLE PRINCIPALLY DERIVED
FROM THE ARCHITECTURE OF CLASSICAL ERA,
THE VITRUVIAN PRINCIPLES, AND THE WORK
OF THE ITALIAN ARCHITECT ANDREA
PALLADIO.
• NEOCLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE IS
BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES
OF SIMPLICITY AND
SYMMETRY, WHICH WERE
SEEN AS VIRTUES OF THE
ARTS OF ROME AND ANCIENT Pantheon, Rome
GREECE AND WERE MORE
IMMEDIATELY DRAWN FROM
16TH-CENTURY RENAISSANCE
CLASSICISM.

Parthenon, Greece
CHARACTERISTICS
• Grandeur of scale
• Symmetrical form
• Dramatic use of columns
• Blank walls
• Triangular pediment
• Dome roof
 UNITED STATES CAPITOL
• UNITED STATES CAPITOL,
THE MEETING PLACE OF
THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS AND
ONE OF THE MOST FAMILIAR
LANDMARKS IN WASHINGTON,
D.C. IT IS SITUATED ON CAPITOL
HILL AT THE EASTERN END
OF PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
• AREA : 16187 SQ. M
• HEIGHT : 87.7 M
 SYMMET
RICAL
DESIGN

UNITED STATES CAPITOL

 IONIC COLUMNS

• THE IONIC COLUMN

IS TYPICALLY IDENTIFIED BY
ITS CAPITAL, WHICH
INCLUDES LARGE PAIRED
SPIRAL SCROLLS, OR
VOLUTES. IT HAS THE
TALLEST BASE OF THE
THREE CLASSIC GREEK
ORDERS.
UNITED STATES CAPITOL
 DOME
• THE DOME IS INSPIRED BY
ST. PETER’S BASILICA IN
ROME AND ST. PAUL’S
CATHEDRAL IN LONDON. 
• THE DOME IS NOT STONE,
BUT RATHER CAST
IRON CAREFULLY PAINTED
TO APPEAR TO BE MADE OF
THE SAME STONE AS THE
MAIN CAPITOL BUILDING.

UNITED STATES CAPITOL

• THE DOME IS CONSTRUCTED AS
TWO STRUCTURES, THE EXTERIOR
DOME WHICH RISES TO THE
HEIGHT OF 288 FEET AND THE
INTERIOR DOME WHICH
MEASURES 180 FEET FROM THE
ROTUNDA FLOOR.
 ROTUNDA
• THE U.S. CAPITOL ROTUNDA IS A LARGE,
DOMED, CIRCULAR ROOM 96 FEET IN
DIAMETER AND 180 FEET IN HEIGHT
LOCATED IN THE CENTER OF THE UNITED
STATES CAPITOL ON THE SECOND FLOOR.
• THE ROTUNDA CANOPY FEATURES THE
PAINTING ENTITLED THE APOTHEOSIS OF
WASHINGTON, WHICH IS VISIBLE
THROUGH THE OCULUS OF THE DOME
AND THE WALLS OF THE ROTUNDA HOLD
HISTORIC PAINTINGS AND A FRESCOED
BAND, OR "FRIEZE," DEPICTING
SIGNIFICANT EVENTS IN AMERICAN
HISTORY.
 CRYPT
• THE LARGE CIRCULAR AREA ON THE
FIRST FLOOR OF THE U.S. CAPITOL
BUILDING IS CALLED THE CRYPT. 
• THE 40 DORIC COLUMNS OF BROWN
STONE SURMOUNTED BY GROINED
SANDSTONE ARCHES SUPPORT THE
FLOOR OF THE ROTUNDA. 
• THE STAR IN THE CENTER OF THE
FLOOR DENOTES THE POINT FROM
WHICH THE STREETS IN WASHINGTON
ARE LAID OUT AND NUMBERED.
 HALL OF COLUMNS
• THE HALL OF COLUMNS IS A
DRAMATIC, HIGH-CEILINGED
CORRIDOR OVER 100 FEET
LONG. IT RUNS ALONG THE
NORTH-SOUTH AXIS OF THE
FIRST FLOOR OF THE HOUSE
WING IN THE U.S. CAPITOL.
THE HALL TAKES ITS NAME
FROM THE 28 FLUTED,
WHITE MARBLE COLUMNS
THAT LINE THE CORRIDOR.
THE BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON

• THE BRITISH MUSEUM, IN THE BLOOMSBURY AREA OF LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM, IS A

PUBLIC INSTITUTION DEDICATED TO HUMAN HISTORY, ART AND CULTURE.
• IT WAS DESIGNED BY THE NEOCLAASICAL ARCHITECT SIR ROBERT SMIRKE.
• AREA : 92000 SQ. M
SYMMETRICAL
DESIGN
 CONSTRUCTION
• THE BUILDING WAS
CONSTRUCTED ON
A CONCRETE BASE WITH
A FRAME OF CAST IRON,
INFILLED WITH BRICK.THE
VISIBLE SECTIONS WERE
CLAD WITH PORTLAND
STONE.
 COLUMNS

• THERE ARE
44 COLUMNS IN THE
IONIC ORDER, EACH 14
M (45 FT) HIGH AND
BASED ON THE TEMPLE
OF ATHENA POLIOS AT
PRIENE.
 PEDIMENT
• THE PEDIMENT AT THE
SOUTH ENTRANCE
INCORPORATES
DECORATIVE SCULPTURES
DEPICTING ‘THE PROGRESS
OF CIVILIZATION’,
CONSISTING OF 15
ALLEGORICAL FIGURES.
 DOME
• THE READING ROOM HAS A
DOME INSPIRED BY
THE PANTHEON WITH A
DIAMETER OF 42.6 M.
• RATHER THAN BEING A
FREE-STANDING DOME IT IS
CONSTRUCTED IN
SEGMENTS ON A CAST
IRON FRAMEWORK.
 ATLES MUSEUM

• THE ALTES MUSEUM, BUILT BETWEEN 1823 AND 1830 AND DESIGNED BY KARL
FRIEDRICH SCHINKEL, IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT WORKS OF NEOCLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE. IT HAS A CLEARLY ORDERED EXTERIOR AND AN INTERIOR
STRUCTURE DESIGNED WITH EXACTING PRECISION IN THE ANCIENT GREEK STYLE.
SYMMETRICAL DESIGN

• THE MUSEUM HAS A

CENTRAL ROTUNDA AND
A COURTYARD ON
EITHER SIDE OF THE
STRUCTURE.
 DOME

• THE MOST FAMOUS DOMED HALL

OF MUSEUM ISLAND IS THE
ROTUNDA IN THE ALTES
MUSEUM. IT IS THE
ARCHITECTURAL CENTRE PIECE
OF THE MUSEUM. IT IS 23
METERS HIGH, EXTENDING OVER
TWO STORIES, AND CROWNED BY
A DOME ADORNED WITH
COFFERING.
• . THE RED AND GOLD CEILING COFFERS
ARE DECORATED WITH WINGED GENII,
SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC AND ROSETTES.
NATURAL LIGHT SHINES THROUGH AN
OPENING AT THE TOP OF THE DOME.
• THE SPACES BETWEEN THE 20 COLUMNS
ON THE MAIN FLOOR AND THE NICHES
IN THE SURROUNDING GALLERY ABOVE
IT ARE FILLED WITH STATUES OF THE
GODS OF ANTIQUITY 
Section of the central rotunda
 COLUMNS
• THE 285-FT HIGH PORTICO FAÇADE
IS MADE OF A LINE OF PILLARS
INTERSPERSED WITH STATUES AND
SCULPTURES.
• 18 FLUTED IONIC COLUMNS WHICH
ARE 83.7 M IN LENGTH AND
19.4 M FROM THE GROUND TO
THE TOP OF THE CORNICE
GIVE IT A GRAND LOOK.
ARCHITECTS OF NEO CLASSICAL PERIOD
 BENJAMIN LATROBE(1764-1820)
• HE ACHIEVED THE EMINENCE AS THE FIRST PROFESSIONAL ARCHITECT
WORKING IN THE COUNTRY.
• HE WAS CALLED THE FATHER OF AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE.
• HE WAS A BRITISH –AMERICAN NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECT WHO
EMIGRATED TO UNITED STATES.
• IN HIS THIRTIES HE DESIGNED UNITED STATES CAPITOL ON CAPITOL HILL
IN WASHINGTON ,DC,AS WELL AS THE OLD BALTIMORE BASILICA .
• HE ALSO DESIGNED THE LARGEST STRUCTURE IN AMERICA AT THE TIME ,
THE ‘MERCHANTS EXCHANGE’ IN BALTIMORE.
WORKS OF BENJAMIN LATROBE

UNITED STATES CAPITOL

,WASHINGTON ,DC
IT IS THE HOME OF THE UNITED
STATES CONGRESS AND THE SEAT OF
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH OF THE U.S
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.
BALTIMORE BASILICA
BASILICA OF THE NATIONAL SHRINE OF THE ASSUMPTION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY
EDWIN LUTYENS (1869-1944)
• SIR EDWIN LANDSEER LUTYENS WAS AN ENGLISH ARCHITECT KNOWN FOR
IMAGINATIVELY ADAPTING TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURAL STYLES TO THE
REQUIREMENTS OF HIS ERA.

• HE DESIGNED MANY HOUSES , WAR MEMORIALS AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS.

• ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN GAVIN STAMP DESCRIBED HIM AS “SURELY THE

GREATEST BRITISH ARCHITECT OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.

• THE BULK OF LUTYENS WORK CONSISTED OF PRIVATE HOUSES IN AN ARTS AND

CRAFTS STYLE , STRONGLY INFLUENCED BY TUDOR ARCHITECTURE AND THE
VERNACULAR STYLES OF SOUTH-EAST ENGLAND.

• HE CONTRIBUTED TO INDIA’S NEW IMPERIAL CAPITAL , NEW DELHI . HERE HE

ADDED ELEMENTS OF LOCAL ARCHITECTURAL STYLES TO HIS CLASSICISM , AND
BASED HIS URBANIZATION SCHEME ON MUGHAL WATER GARDENS . HE ALSO
DESIGNED THE HYDERABAD HOUSE FOR THE LAST NIZM OF HYDERABAD ,AS HIS
DELHI PALACE .
 RASTRAPATI BHAWAN , New Delhi INDIA GATE , New Delhi

HE PLAYED AN INSTRUMENTAL ROLE IN DESIGNING AND BUILDING NEW DELHI , WHICH WOULD
LATER ON SERVE AS THE SEAT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.IN COLLABORATION WITH SIR
HERBERT BAKER , HE WAS ALSO THE MAIN ARCHITECT OF SEVERAL MONUMENTS IN NEW DELHI
SUCH AS THE INDIA GATE AND VICEROYS HOUSE , KNOWN AS RASTRAPATI BHAWAN
GODDARDS , SURREY THE CENOTAPH , WHITEHALL , LUTYENS MIDLAND BANK
LONDON BUILDING IN MANCHESTER
CONSTRUCTED IN 1935
HAMPTON COURT BRIDGE , LONDON

FREE CURCH , HAMPSTEAD

GARDEN , LONDON

THIEPVAL MEMORIAL , FRANCE

ANDREA PALLADIO (1508-1580)
• HE WAS AN ITALIAN RENAISSANCE ARCHITECT ACTIVE IN
VENETIAN REPUBLIC.

• PALLADIO , INFLUENCED BY ROMAN AND GREEK ARCHITECTURE

, PRIMARILY VITRUVIUS , IS WIDELY CONSIDERED TO BE ONE OF
THE MOST INFLUENTIAL INDIVIDUALS IN THE HISTORY OF
ARCHITECTURE.

• HE WAS BEST KNOWN FOR HOUSES AND VILLAS .

• THE CITY OF VICENZA , WITH ITS 23 BUILDINGS DESIGNED BY

PALLADIO , AND 24 PALLADIAN VILLAS OF THE VENETO ARE
LISTED BY UNESCO AS PART OF WORLD HERITAGE SITE CITY OF
VICENZA AND THE PALLADIAN VILLAS OF THE VENETO.
SOME MAJOR WORKS OF ANDREA PALLADIO

VILLA BARBARO
CHURCH OF SAN GIORGIO MAGGIORE
VILLA CAPRA “ LA ROTONDA “

SECTIONS AND PLAN OF VILLA LA ROTONDA

 JOHN BURNET ( 1814-1901 )
• HE DESIGNED MANY OF VICTORIAN GLASGOW’S PUBLIC BUILDINGS
EMPLOYED A RANGE OF STYLES INCLUDING NEOCLASSICAL ,
ITALIANATE , GOTHIC , RENAISSANCE AND SCOTTISH BARONIAL .
• HE BECAME AN ACCOMPLISHED GOTHIC DESIGNER , WHICH IS
EVIDENT IN HIS DESIGNS FOR WOODLANDS CHURCH AND THE
GLASGOW STOCK EXCHANGE.
• BURNET BECAME A FELLOW OF THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BRITISH
ARCHITECTS .
GLASGOW STOCK EXCHANGE , GLASGOW MERCHANT’S HOUSE , GLASGOW
THANKS