2.0 Chapter 2.0 JURI
2.0 Chapter 2.0 JURI
2.0 Chapter 2.0 JURI
Chapter 2
MEM603
• Historical overview
– Era of Boiler Safety - 1896
– Era of Machinery Safety - 1914
– Era of Industrial Safety - 1952
– Era of Industrial Safety and
Hygiene - 1967
– Era of Occupational Safety and
Health - 1994
• Act
A bill which has passed through the various
legislative steps required for it and which has
become law.
• Regulation
A rule or directive made and maintained by
an authority.
• Industrial Code Of Practice (ICOP)
A set of professional standards issued by an
official body to its members to help them
comply with its standards
• Guideline
A general rule, principle, or piece of advice.
Construction workers are exposed to lead during the removal, renovation, or demolition of
structures painted with lead pigments.
In general industry, workers come in contact with lead in solder, plumbing fixtures,
rechargeable batteries, lead bullets, leaded glass, brass, or bronze objects, and radiators. Lead
exposure can occur not only in the production of these kinds of objects but also in their use
(e.g., firing ranges), repair (e.g., radiator repair), and recycling (e.g., lead-acid battery
recycling).
In the general population, lead may be present in small but hazardous concentrations in food,
water, and air. Lead poisoning from deteriorating old paint is the primary source of elevated
blood lead levels in children. Children under the age of six are at risk of developing cognitive
health effects even at very low blood lead levels. Pregnant women or those who might
Sl. #13 pregnant must
become avoid
Faculty lead exposure
of Mechanical because it is
Engineering, toxic to the
University fetus. Another
Technology MARAsource of
environmental exposure to lead is from workers who take home lead dust on their clothing 13
Asbestos Regulation 1984
Asbestos process:
– Manufacturing process which involves asbestos except process
where:
• The quantity of asbestos dust produced does not exceed the
permissible exposure limit; or
• Cleaning of premise, equipment and factory facilities
– Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL)
• PEL = 1 Fibre/ml air 8 hour average
• Based on study from the year 1983 – 1990, it was found that:
– Average 50% or workers were at risk of hearing impairment
– 22% having hearing impairment
– 70 % exposed at levels >90 dB(A)
• Applied to all factories where workers are exposed to excessive noise,
such as:
– Steel factory
– Chemical industry
– Palm oil mill
– Textile factory
How to comply ?
• To reduce and control exposure below PEL
• Requirement to change
– Production, processes, controls of workers
– Method
• Engineering control; Ventilation, Water spray (mineral dust),
safety fence etc.
• Administrative control; Safe work procedure
• Personal protective equipment's (PPE); if other controls fail
to reduce exposure
• Main provision
– Manufacture of boilers and pressure vessels
– Imported steam boilers and pressure vessels
– Steam boilers
– Unfired steam vessels
• Application
– All boilers and unfired pressure vessels
• That have not yet assigned authorized safe working pressure by Chief Inspector
• Exception
– Those exempted by the Chief Inspector due to reason of special circumstance
• Misc. provision
– Materials codes
– Design codes
– Inspecting authority