Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 45 views

    Topic 4 - Human Cognitive Development

    Uploaded by

    محمد عطليزين درليس
    Piaget's theory of cognitive development posits four main stages of development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. During the sensorimotor stage from birth to age 2, infants learn about the world through senses and physical interaction. The preoperational stage from ages 2 to 7 is marked by the development of language and symbolic thought, though children remain egocentric. During the concrete operational stage from ages 7 to 11, children can think logically about concrete events but not abstractly. Finally, the formal operational stage from ages 11 to adulthood involves abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Topic 4 - Human Cognitive Development

    Uploaded by

    محمد عطليزين درليس
    45 views27 pages
    Piaget's theory of cognitive development posits four main stages of development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. During the sensorimotor stage from birth to age 2, infants learn about the world through senses and physical interaction. The preoperational stage from ages 2 to 7 is marked by the development of language and symbolic thought, though children remain egocentric. During the concrete operational stage from ages 7 to 11, children can think logically about concrete events but not abstractly. Finally, the formal operational stage from ages 11 to adulthood involves abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking.

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    Topic 4_Human Cognitive Development.ppt

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Piaget's theory of cognitive development posits four main stages of development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. During the sensorimotor stage from birth to age 2, infants learn about the world through senses and physical interaction. The preoperational stage from ages 2 to 7 is marked by the development of language and symbolic thought, though children remain egocentric. During the concrete operational stage from ages 7 to 11, children can think logically about concrete events but not abstractly. Finally, the formal operational stage from ages 11 to adulthood involves abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    45 views27 pages

    Topic 4 - Human Cognitive Development

    Uploaded by

    محمد عطليزين درليس
    Piaget's theory of cognitive development posits four main stages of development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. During the sensorimotor stage from birth to age 2, infants learn about the world through senses and physical interaction. The preoperational stage from ages 2 to 7 is marked by the development of language and symbolic thought, though children remain egocentric. During the concrete operational stage from ages 7 to 11, children can think logically about concrete events but not abstractly. Finally, the formal operational stage from ages 11 to adulthood involves abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    Pertumbuhan & perkembangan Otak

    Human Cognitive Development

    TOPIK 4
    TOPIC 4

    EUW322- KEMAHIRAN
    1 BERFIKIR
    THINKING SKILL
    Introduction
     Cognitive Development is a field of study
    in neuroscience and psychology
     It focuses on a child’s development in
    terms of information processing,
    conceptual resources, perceptual skill,
    language learning and other aspects of
    brain development.
     Theory of cognitive development was first
    introduced by Jean Piaget.

    2
    3
    4
    Early Nurturing
     Beyond having their physical needs for food,
    water, shelter, and hygiene met, young children
    also need plenty of emotional and cognitive
    support, love and nurturing.
     Caregivers should show positive attitude, smile,
    and stay as calm and patient as possible during
    difficult situations so that they will create a
    peaceful and positive environment for their
    children.
     However, caregivers should not neglect
    appropriate discipline and guidance.

    5
     Hence, nurturing is vital to children’s
    development, a secret ingredient that
    enables children to grow physically,
    mentally, socially, emotionally, culturally
    and spiritually.

    6
    Jean Piaget’s Theory of
    Cognitive Development
     Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was employed at the
    Binet’s Institute in the 1920s, where his job
    was to develop French versions of questions
    on English intelligence tests.
     He became intrigued with the reasons
    children gave for their wrong answers on the
    questions that required logical thinking.
     He was the first psychologist to make a
    systematic study of cognitive development.

    7
     The goal of the theory is to
    explain the mechanisms and
    processes by which the infant,
    and then the child, develops
    into an individual who can
    reason and think using
    hypotheses.
    8
     ToPiaget, cognitive development
    was a progressive reorganization of
    mental processes as a result of
    biological maturation and
    environmental experience.

    9
    Basic Components to Piaget’s
    Cognitive Development Theory

     Schemas (building blocks of knowledge)


     Processes that enable the transition from one
    stage to another (equilibrium, assimilation
    and accommodation)
     Stages of Development:
     Sensorimotor

     Preoperational

     Concrete operational
     Formal operation
    10
    Schema

     Schemas are units of knowledge, each


    relating to one aspect of the world,
    including objects, actions and abstract
    (i.e. theoretical) concepts.
     When a child’s existing schemas are
    capable of explaining what it can perceive
    around it, it is said to be in a state of
    equilibrium, i.e. a state of cognitive
    (mental) balance.

    11
    Assimilation
     Piaget viewed intellectual growth as a
    process of adaptation, which happens
    through:

     Assimilation – Which is using an existing


    schema to deal with new object or
    situation.
     Accommodation - This happens when
    the existing schema (knowledge) does
    not work and needs to be changed to
    deal with a new object or situation. 12
     Equilibrium- This is the force which
    moves development along.

    Assimilation=>Equilibrium=>New
    Situation=>
    =>Disequilibrium=>Accommodation

    13
    Sensorimotor Stage
    From birth to 2 years
    A period of rapid cognitive growth
    Initially equipped with a set of reflex
    movements and a set of perceptual
    systems
    Infant begins to build up direct
    knowledge of world around him/her, by
    relating physical actions to perceived
    results of those actions

    14
    15
     Through the processes of
    assimilation and accommodation,
    these actions become progressively
    adapted to the world
     Key feature: Object permanence
     Object permanence means knowing
    that an object still exists, even if it
    is hidden
    16
    17
    Preoperational Stage
     From 2 to 7 years
     Children at this stage can mentally represent
    events and objects, and engage in symbolic play
     At this stage, their thoughts and
    communications are typically egocentric
     Egocentrism refers to the child’s inability to see
    from another person’s point of view
     Children at this stage also display animism (the
    belief that inanimate objects have human
    feelings and intention

    18
     Key feature: Egocentrism

    19
    Concrete Operational Stage
     From 7-11 years
     This stage is a major turning point in the
    child’s cognitive development, because it
    marks the beginning of logical and operational
    thought
     The child is now mature enough to use logical
    thought or operations (i.e rules) but can only
    apply to physical objects
     Children become less egocentric and better at
    conservation tasks

    20
     Conservation is defined as ‘the
    understanding that something stays the
    same in quantity even though its
    appearance changes’
     Their thinking is more organized and rational
     They can solve problems in a logical fashion,
    but are typically not able to think abstractly
    or hypothetically
     Key feature: Conservation

    21
    22
    23
    Formal Operation

     From 11 years to adulthood


     As the adolescents enter this stage, they
    gain the ability to think in abstract manner,
    the ability to combine and classify items in
    a more sophisticated way, and the capacity
    for higher-order reasoning.
     The child begins to manipulate ideas in
    his/her head, without any dependence on
    concrete manipulation

    24
     S/he can do mathematical calculations,
    think creatively, use abstract reasoning,
    and imagine the outcome of particular
    actions.
     Key feature: Manipulate ideas in head,
    abstract reasoning.

    25
    26
    27

    You might also like