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Mechanism of Drone

Drones, or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), are aircraft without onboard pilots that can be controlled remotely or fly autonomously. A quadcopter drone uses four propellers and motors to hover, climb, or descend. Key components include a flight controller board, brushless DC motors, propellers, electronic speed controllers (ESCs), and sensors like gyroscopes and accelerometers. Advanced features enable autonomous functions like waypoint navigation, telemetry transmission, and different flight modes. Potential applications of drones include aerial photography, shipping and delivery, disaster management, and wildlife monitoring.

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Akash Sinha
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155 views

Mechanism of Drone

Drones, or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), are aircraft without onboard pilots that can be controlled remotely or fly autonomously. A quadcopter drone uses four propellers and motors to hover, climb, or descend. Key components include a flight controller board, brushless DC motors, propellers, electronic speed controllers (ESCs), and sensors like gyroscopes and accelerometers. Advanced features enable autonomous functions like waypoint navigation, telemetry transmission, and different flight modes. Potential applications of drones include aerial photography, shipping and delivery, disaster management, and wildlife monitoring.

Uploaded by

Akash Sinha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MECHANISM

OF DRONE
This topic is presented by:
Shuvo Sarkar Dipta(20161119010)
Akibur Rahman(20161109010)
Sumaiya Binte Rahman (20161116010)
Urmi Akter Sumi(20161124010)
Farhana Akter Poli(20161117010)
Aminur Rahman Parvez (20161107010)
Sheikh Hasib Akhter()
Shammi sultana()

Submitted To:
M. Raihan
Lecturer at North Western University, Khulna.
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
OVERVIEW

 INTRODUCTION
 THE DRONE/QUAD-COPTER THEORY
 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
 SELECTION OF COMPONENTS
 ADVANCED FEATURES
 APPLICATIONS
INTRODUCTION

• Drones are also known as UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.


• It is an aircraft without an onboard pilot, thus the name ‘unmanned’ aerial vehicle.
• It’s flight is either pre-defined or controlled autonomously by computers or under the
remote control of a pilot on the ground.
• They can be controlled remotely by an operator or can be controlled autonomously
via preprogrammed flight paths.
• Quad-copter is a device with a intense mixture of Electronics, Mechanical and mainl
y
on the principle of Aviation.
THE QUAD-COPTER THEORY

• Quad-copter uses four propellers.


• Each controlled by its own motor and ESC’s.
• For Hovering:
– SUM(Fi) > m•g <=> climb
– SUM(Fi) = m•g <=> hover
– SUM(Fi) < m•g <=> decline
Direction of Rotation of Motors:
HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

• Quad-Board
• Propellers
• Brushless DC Motor (BLDC Motors)
• 2.4 GHz Transmitter And Receiver
• Electronic Speed Controllers (ESC)
• Gyroscope
• Accelerometer and
• A Strong Base
SELECTION OF COMPONENTS

 • STATIC THURST CALCULATION:

– Step1: Power transmitted by the motors to the propellers in terms of rpm


Power = Prop Const * (1)

– Step2: Thrust produced by a propeller


Tρv∆v (2)

– Step3: Tρ (3)
SELECTION OF COMPONENTS

  – Step4: The power that is absorbed by the propeller from the motor
P (4)

– Step5: (5)

– Step6: Newton’s Law, F=ma, is used to obtain equation 6.


m= (6)
SELECTION OF COMPONENTS

 • DC MOTORS:
Power =Torque * Rotational Speed (7)

(8)

This desired rpm will be used in the Propeller and Motor Selection.

• FLIGHT TIME:
Flight time = Battery capacity/amps
ADVANCED FEATURES

• Includes some features of autonomous flight like:


– Mission Planning
– Way-points
– Telemetry
– Gimbal
– Different Flight Modes
ADVANCED FEATURES

ArduPilot Mega: Ardupilot Mega (APM) is a professional quality IMU autopilot that is based on the Arduino
Mega platform.  This autopilot can control fixed-wing aircraft, multi-rotor helicopters, as well as traditional hel
icopters.  It is a full autopilot capable for autonomous stabilization.
ADVANCED FEATURES

• MISSION PLANNING: Mission planning is easy with Mission Planner


– Mission Planner is a free, open-source software compatible with APM
ADVANCED FEATURES

• WAYPOINTS: A GPS module is essential for providing the autopilot with location
data that allows the autopilot to interact with the real world.
ADVANCED FEATURES

• TELEMETRY: To communicate with the ground station from the air using the
Mavlink protocol.
ADVANCED FEATURES

• GIMBAL: ArduCopter support up to 3-axis gimbals and triggering of a camera


shutter automatically.
ADVANCED FEATURES

• DIFFERENT FLIGHT MODES:


– Acro Mode
– Altitude Hold
– Drift Mode
– Auto Hold
– Circle Mode
– Guided Mode
– RTL Mode
– Loiter Mode
APLLICATIONS
1.     Aerial Photography
2.     Shipping and Delivery
3.     Geographic Mapping
4.     Disaster Management
5.     Precision Agriculture
6.     Search and Rescue
7.     Weather Forecast
8.     Wildlife Monitoring
9.     Law Enforcement
10.   Entertainment
QUERIES?

• Which components are needed to design a drone?


• What do you mean by ArduPilot Mega?
• What are the applications of Quad-Copter?
• Discuss the advance features of a drone.

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