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    African American Psychology

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    Armani Marsalis Gates
    African American psychology developed as a field to analyze Black behavior and experiences from an African perspective rather than applying European theories. It has three types: traditional applies European norms, reformist adapts conventional thought to Black experience, and radical uses an independent African ethos. Notable figures in the field include Francis Sumner, considered the father of Black psychology, William Cross who developed a 5 stage model of Black identity development, Alvin Poussaint who focused on raising Black children, Frances Welsing who explored white supremacy, and Wade Nobles who founded an institute for the study of Black family and culture. The field aims to understand Black psychology and promote healthy functioning outside of racist or culturally biased perspectives.

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    African American Psychology

    Uploaded by

    Armani Marsalis Gates
    669 views20 pages
    African American psychology developed as a field to analyze Black behavior and experiences from an African perspective rather than applying European theories. It has three types: traditional applies European norms, reformist adapts conventional thought to Black experience, and radical uses an independent African ethos. Notable figures in the field include Francis Sumner, considered the father of Black psychology, William Cross who developed a 5 stage model of Black identity development, Alvin Poussaint who focused on raising Black children, Frances Welsing who explored white supremacy, and Wade Nobles who founded an institute for the study of Black family and culture. The field aims to understand Black psychology and promote healthy functioning outside of racist or culturally biased perspectives.

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    African American psychology developed as a field to analyze Black behavior and experiences from an African perspective rather than applying European theories. It has three types: traditional applies European norms, reformist adapts conventional thought to Black experience, and radical uses an independent African ethos. Notable figures in the field include Francis Sumner, considered the father of Black psychology, William Cross who developed a 5 stage model of Black identity development, Alvin Poussaint who focused on raising Black children, Frances Welsing who explored white supremacy, and Wade Nobles who founded an institute for the study of Black family and culture. The field aims to understand Black psychology and promote healthy functioning outside of racist or culturally biased perspectives.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    669 views20 pages

    African American Psychology

    Uploaded by

    Armani Marsalis Gates
    African American psychology developed as a field to analyze Black behavior and experiences from an African perspective rather than applying European theories. It has three types: traditional applies European norms, reformist adapts conventional thought to Black experience, and radical uses an independent African ethos. Notable figures in the field include Francis Sumner, considered the father of Black psychology, William Cross who developed a 5 stage model of Black identity development, Alvin Poussaint who focused on raising Black children, Frances Welsing who explored white supremacy, and Wade Nobles who founded an institute for the study of Black family and culture. The field aims to understand Black psychology and promote healthy functioning outside of racist or culturally biased perspectives.

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    African American

    Psychology
    What is that?
     African (Black) Psychology is defined as a
    system of knowledge (philosophy,definitions,
    concepts, models, procedures, and practice)
    concerning the nature of the social universe
    from the perspectives of African cosmology.

     Black psychology is nothing more or less than


    the uncovering,articulation, and application of
    the principles of the Black reality.
    Types of Black psychology
     Traditional – apply European norms in
    analyzing Black behavior.
     Reformist – adapt conventional thought to
    conform to African American “experience
    with little regard for African foundations.”
     Radical – African ethos is the way to
    analyze Black behavior independent of
    European theory. It includes “African
    religion, philosophy, spiritualism, ritualism,
    concept of time, and worldview as the
    foundation of Black psychology.”
    Perspectives

     Euro-American Value
     Culturally Biased
     Afriphobic
     Dismissive of Africa
     Scientifically racist
    Slavery on Black Psychology
     Slavery lasted for more than 300
    years
     Emancipation was proclaimed about
    140 years ago.
     Legalized segregation ended only
    about 50 years ago.
     Attitudes and feelings still
    persist.
    Effect of slavery
     The effects of slavery on the
    African was pervasive. The
    enslaved were:
     Brainwashed
     Afflicted with self rejection and
    alienation
     Made to fear their captors
     Developed a dependency
    Goals
     The goal of Black psychologist is to
    understand Blacks and provide means
    by which they can develop healthy
    psychological functioning.
    Notable People
    Francis C. Sumner

     Francis Cecil Sumner (December 7, 1895- January


    12, 1954) was born in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. He
    was an influential psychologist who is commonly
    referred to as the “Father of Black Psychology”
     Sumner’s area of focus was in investigating how to
    refute racism and bias in the theories used to
    conclude the inferiority of African Americans.
    Sumner’s work is thought to be a response to the
    Eurocentric methods of psychology.
    Continued
     First Black to receive a Ph.D. in Psychology
     In his lifetime, Sumner made many contributions to the education
    of black people, including establishing an independent department
    of psychology at Howard University,
     Sumner challenged his students to work hard and under his
    guidance they received a quality education .
     At the West Virginia Collegiate Institute, Sumner created a
    prestigious award that was given to a psychology student with the
    most outstanding essay on a particular topic.
     Sumner was a member and contributed to numerous organizations.
    They include: The American Psychological Association, American
    Association for the Advancement of Science, American Educational
    Research Association, Eastern Psychological Association, Southern
    Society for Philosophy and Psychology, and The District of Columbia
    Psychological Association.
     Sumner did vast amounts of research concerning equality and
    justice between Blacks and Whites.
     He studied the attitudes of Blacks and Whites towards the
    administration of justice with the goal of administering justice on a
    more democratic basis.
    William Cross
    Cross developed a 5 phase developmental theory of
    Black identification. He called this theory Nigrescence,
    translated as: “the process of becoming Black."
    The five stages progress as follows:
     Pre-encounter
     Encounter
     Immersion
     Emersion
     Internalization
    The process of becoming black

    The first stage


     refers to the time in one’s life when
    he/she are unaware of his/her race or racial
    implications.
    The second stage
     racial awareness.
     remembers as the first time he/she treated differently because
    of color

    The third stage


     often in response to a racial encounter takes on all the
    identifying elements of his/her race.
     One becomes very much involved in being a member of his/her
    group and embracing all the behaviors, characteristics and
    features that are associated with being a member of that race.
     Will spend time with those in his/her own race to the exclusion
    of members of other races.
    The process of becoming black

    The fourth stage


     Comes out of the absolute immersion and comes to find different
    behaviors, characteristics and features that they may want to take on from
    another race.
     Socially one begins to become more comfortable with and value
    relationships with members of other races.
    The final stage
     the reaching of a balance. The balance involves the summation of choices
    and experiences one has throughout his/her identification process
     A successful attainment of this process and the arrival at this final stage
    could be described as a level of comfort with one’s own race as well as the
    race of those around them.

     Throughout one’s life one may revisit different stages and repeat steps of
    this process and reformulate their racial identity and opinions. Repeating
    stages is not a regression but often a part of greater process of integrating
    new information and reevaluating ideas from a more mature standpoint.
    Alvin Possaint

     Alvin Francis Poussaint born May 15, 1934 in New


    York City

     Is a noted professor of psychiatry at Harvard


    Medical School, and the author of numerous books
    on child psychiatry, with a particular focus on the
    raising of African American children.
     His first book, Why Blacks Kill Blacks (1972) explores the
    effects of White racism on Black psychological
    development. Alvin also covers topics from black suicide, Black
    sexuality, and suggestion to white parents how to raise their
    children free form prejudice in his book
     From 1984 to 1993, Dr. Poussaint was the consultant for two
    popular television series, The Cosby Show and a Different
    World.  Poussaint ensured that these shows stayed away from
    negative stereotypes and presented a positive image of Blacks
    to the audience.  
     In 1997 Poussaint won a New England Emmy for Outstanding
    Children’s Special as the co-executive producer of Willoughby’s
    Wonders
     Poussaint completed his postgraduate training at the University
    of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Neuropsychiatric Institute,
    where he served as the chief resident in psychology from 1964
    to 1965. 
    Frances Cress Welsing
     Born March 18, 1935 in Chicago, Illinois
     She is an African American psychiatrist living in
    Washington, D.C.
     She is noted for her "Cress Theory of Color
    Confrontation", which explores the practice of
    white supremacy.
     She is the author of The Isis Papers; The Keys
    to the Colors
    Wade Nobles
     Dr. Wade W. Nobles is an experimental social
    psychologist, who received his Ph.D. from Stanford
    University
     He has a special interest in the social, ethnic and
    cultural relativity of social science, research and
    evaluation models
     Dr. Nobles is a prominent theoretical scientist in the
    fields of African Psychology, cross-cultural and ethno-
    human functioning.
     He is one of the leading researchers on social
    systems and psycho-cultural development.
     Dr. Nobles is the founder and Executive Director of
    the Institute for the Advanced Study of Black Family,
    Life and Culture, Inc., and a full-time, tenured
    professor in the Department of Black Studies, the
    School of Ethnic Studies at San Francisco State
    University.
     http://www.radford.edu/~jaspelme/minority%20grou
    ps/Karenga_Black_Psychology.pdf
     http://www.iasbflc.org/nobles.htm
     http://www.sagepub.com/upm-
    data/6230_Chapter_1_Belgrave_I_Proof_pdf.pdf
     http://www.earlham.edu/~knigher/sumner.htm
     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Cress_Welsing
     http://www.hms.harvard.edu/orma/poussaint/biograp
    hy.html
     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_Poussaint
     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Cross,_Jr.

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