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    Module 3 UCSP

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    Raiza Cabrera
    Anthropology is the study of humans, their origins, development, and variations across time and place. It takes a holistic approach to understand humans as both biological and social beings. The main branches of anthropology are archaeology, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, physical anthropology, and applied anthropology. Culture consists of the shared beliefs, behaviors, and possessions that are learned and transmitted within a society. Key characteristics of culture are that it is learned, adaptive to the environment, and constantly changing over time. While culture can help societies adapt and survive, it can also become maladaptive if the environment changes and culture does not.

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    Module 3 UCSP

    Uploaded by

    Raiza Cabrera
    1K views26 pages
    Anthropology is the study of humans, their origins, development, and variations across time and place. It takes a holistic approach to understand humans as both biological and social beings. The main branches of anthropology are archaeology, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, physical anthropology, and applied anthropology. Culture consists of the shared beliefs, behaviors, and possessions that are learned and transmitted within a society. Key characteristics of culture are that it is learned, adaptive to the environment, and constantly changing over time. While culture can help societies adapt and survive, it can also become maladaptive if the environment changes and culture does not.

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    Anthropology is the study of humans, their origins, development, and variations across time and place. It takes a holistic approach to understand humans as both biological and social beings. The main branches of anthropology are archaeology, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, physical anthropology, and applied anthropology. Culture consists of the shared beliefs, behaviors, and possessions that are learned and transmitted within a society. Key characteristics of culture are that it is learned, adaptive to the environment, and constantly changing over time. While culture can help societies adapt and survive, it can also become maladaptive if the environment changes and culture does not.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    1K views26 pages

    Module 3 UCSP

    Uploaded by

    Raiza Cabrera
    Anthropology is the study of humans, their origins, development, and variations across time and place. It takes a holistic approach to understand humans as both biological and social beings. The main branches of anthropology are archaeology, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, physical anthropology, and applied anthropology. Culture consists of the shared beliefs, behaviors, and possessions that are learned and transmitted within a society. Key characteristics of culture are that it is learned, adaptive to the environment, and constantly changing over time. While culture can help societies adapt and survive, it can also become maladaptive if the environment changes and culture does not.

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    of 26

    Module 3:

    Anthropology and the Study of


    Culture
    Introduction to Anthropology

    • Humans studying humans.


    • Promotes a holistic study of
    humans.
    • Derive from two Greek words
    antropos (human) and logos
    (study)
    Introduction to Anthropology

    What does it
    mean to be
    human?
    Introduction to Anthropology

    • Anthropology studies humans as


    both biological and social
    creatures.
    • Biologically, it inquires on the
    genetic composition of humans,
    their relationship with other
    primates, and their evolution.
    Introduction to Anthropology

    • Socially, it inquires on humans


    behaviors, attitudes, and belief
    systems, which range from
    birth practices to burial rites.
    Introduction to Anthropology

    • Can also be defined as “the study


    of people – their origins, their
    development, and contemporary
    variations, wherever and
    whenever they have been found
    on the face of the earth. (Ember,
    Ember, and Peregrine, 2010)
    5 Subdisciplines of Anthropology:

    • Archeology – examines the


    remains of ancient and historical
    human populations to promote
    an understanding of how
    humans have adapted to their
    environment and developed.
    5 Subdisciplines of Anthropology:

    • Cultural Anthropology – promotes


    the study of a society’s culture
    through their belief systems,
    practices and possessions.
    • Linguistic Anthropology – examines
    the language of a group of people
    and its relation to their culture.
    5 Subdisciplines of Anthropology:

    • Physical Anthropology – looks into


    the biological development of humans
    and their contemporary variation.
    • Applied Anthropology – attempts to
    solve contemporary problems through
    the application of theories and
    approaches of the discipline.
    Introduction to Anthropology:

    • Methodology used in gathering


    information was crucial.
    • Anthropologist need to establish
    rapport with their host societies
    before they can extract the life
    stories of people.
    Introduction to Anthropology:
    • Key informants are individuals in a society
    who have a significant knowledge on the
    topic being studied by the anthropologist.
    • Aside from interviews, they also use
    participant-observation methods, which
    entail the participation of the researcher
    on the daily practices and rituals of the
    group being studied.
    Culture
    • Culture is everything that a person learns as
    a member of a society.
    • Culture is everything. It is what a person
    has, does and thinks as part of society. This
    implies all of a person’s belief system, set of
    behaviors, and material possessions. As such
    it can be said that culture is a powerful
    agent in shaping the decisions and actions of
    humans, given a situation.
    Culture
    • Material culture includes all the
    tangible and visible parts of culture,
    which include clothes , food, and even
    buildings.
    • Nonmaterial culture includes all the
    intangible parts of culture, which
    consist of values, ideas and knowledge.
    Culture
    • Culture is learned. Culture is a set of
    beliefs, attitudes, and practices that an
    individual learns through his or her
    own family, school, church, and other
    social institutions.(enculturation)
    • Culture can be modified to
    accommodate desirable traits from
    other cultures. (acculturation)
    Culture
    • When the culture of the older
    generation comes into conflict with
    the needs and realities of the younger
    generation. (deculturation) When the
    reason for the culture has been lost
    and even the cultural trait itself is in
    the process of being forgotten.
    Culture
    • Culture is shared. The set of
    behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs
    that a person possesses is a part
    of a greater collection of values
    and ideas that is communally
    owned and practiced by members
    of a society
    Culture
    • Culture affects biology.
    Humans are born into cultures
    that have values on beauty and
    body.
    Culture
    • Culture is adaptive. Culture is a tool
    for survival that humans use in
    response to the pressures of their
    environment. Both material and the
    nonmaterial parts of culture are
    influenced by the goal of humans to
    address their needs as dictated by their
    environment and their biology.
    Culture
    Culture
    • Culture is maladaptive. Culture
    can also cause problems for the
    people who subscribe to it.
    These problems arise when the
    environment has changed and
    culture has remained the same.
    Culture
    • Culture changes. The final
    characteristics of culture is that it is
    never static. This dynamism of culture
    is due to the changing needs of
    humans as they interpret and survive
    in their environment. As such, culture
    is continuously reinvented by people.
    Theories Culture
    Theory Perspective on Culture
    Culture All cultures undergo the same
    evolutionism development stages in the same
    order. The main classifications
    include savagery, barbarism, and
    civilization.
    Diffusionism All societies change as a result of
    cultural borrowing from one
    another.
    Theories Culture
    Theory Perspective on Culture
    Historicism Each culture is unique and must be
    studied in its own context.
    Psychological Personality is largely seen to be the
    anthropology result of learning culture.
    Functionalism Society is thought to be like a
    biological organism with all of the
    parts interconnected. Existing
    institutional structures of any society
    are thought to perform indispensable
    functions, without which the society
    could not continue.
    Theories Culture
    Theory Perspective on Culture
    Neo- Culture is said to be shaped by
    evolutionism environmental and technological
    conditions. Cultures evolve when
    people are able to increase the
    amount of energy under their
    control.
    Materialism Culture is the product of the
    “material conditions” in which a
    given community of people finds
    itself.
    Answer the following questons:

    • What is anthropology?
    • Why is anthropology a holistic
    discipline?
    • What are the branches of
    anthropology?
    Answer the following questons:

    • What is culture?
    • What are the characteristics of
    culture?
    • How can culture be both
    adaptive and maladaptive?

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