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    User Datagram Program (UDP) : TCP/IP Protocol Suite

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    Karan Maan

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    User Datagram Program (UDP) : TCP/IP Protocol Suite

    Uploaded by

    Karan Maan
    97 views18 pages

    Original Title

    UDP

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    97 views18 pages

    User Datagram Program (UDP) : TCP/IP Protocol Suite

    Uploaded by

    Karan Maan

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Chapter 14

    User
    Datagram
    Program
    (UDP)

    TCP/IP Protocol Suite 1


    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
    OBJECTIVES:
     To introduce UDP and show its relationship to other protocols in
    the TCP/IP protocol suite.
     To explain the format of a UDP packet and discuss the use of
    each field in the header.
     To discuss the services provided by the UDP such as process-to-
    process delivery, multiplexing/demultiplexing, and queuing.
     To discuss how some application programs can benefit from the
    simplicity of UDP.
     To briefly discuss the structure of the UDP package.

    TCP/IP Protocol Suite 2


    Chapter 14.1 Introduction
    Outline 14.2 User Datagram

    14.3 UDP Services

    14.4 UDP Application

    14.5 UDP Package

    TCP/IP Protocol Suite 3


    14-1 INTRODUCTION

    Figure 14.1 shows the relationship of the User


    Datagram Protocol (UDP) to the other protocols and
    layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite: UDP is located
    between the application layer and the IP layer, and
    serves as the intermediary between the application
    programs and the network operations.

    TCP/IP Protocol Suite 4


    Figure 14.1 Position of UDP in the TCP/IP protocol suite

    TCP/IP Protocol Suite 5


    14-2 USER DATAGRAM

    UDP packets, called user datagrams, have a fixed-size


    header of 8 bytes. Figure 14.2 shows the format of a
    user datagram.

    TCP/IP Protocol Suite 6


    Figure 14.2 User datagram format

    TCP/IP Protocol Suite 7


    Example 14.1
    The following is a dump of a UDP header in hexadecimal format.

    a. What is the source port number?


    b. What is the destination port number?
    c. What is the total length of the user datagram?
    d. What is the length of the data?
    e. Is the packet directed from a client to a server or vice versa?

    TCP/IP Protocol Suite 8


    Example 14.1 Continued
    Solution
    a. The source port number is the first four hexadecimal digits
    (CB84)16 or 52100.
    b. The destination port number is the second four hexadecimal
    digits (000D)16 or 13.
    c. The third four hexadecimal digits (001C)16 define the length of
    the whole UDP packet as 28 bytes.
    d. The length of the data is the length of the whole packet
    minus the length of the header, or 28 – 8 = 20 bytes.
    e. Since the destination port number is 13 (well-known port), the
    packet is from the client to the server.

    TCP/IP Protocol Suite 9


    Topics Discussed in the Section
     Process-to-Process Communication
     Connectionless Service
     Flow Control
     Error Control
     Congestion Control
     Encapsulation and Decapsulation
     Queuing
     Multiplexing and Demultiplexing
     Comparison between UDP and Generic Simple
    Protocol
    TCP/IP Protocol Suite 10
    TCP/IP Protocol Suite 11
    Figure 14.5 Encapsulation and decapsulation

    TCP/IP Protocol Suite 12


    Figure 14.6 Queues in UDP

    TCP/IP Protocol Suite 13


    Figure 14.7 Multiplexing and demultiplexing

    TCP/IP Protocol Suite 14


    Note

    UDP is an example of the


    connectionless simple protocol

    TCP/IP Protocol Suite 15


    Topics Discussed in the Section
     UDP Features
     Typical Applications

    TCP/IP Protocol Suite 16


    Example 14.6
    Assume we are downloading a very large text file from the
    Internet. We definitely need to use a transport layer that provides
    reliable service. We don’t want part of the file to be missing or
    corrupted when we open the file. The delay created between the
    delivery of the parts are not an overriding concern for us; we wait
    until the whole file is composed before looking at it. In this case,
    UDP is not a suitable transport layer.

    TCP/IP Protocol Suite 17


    Example 14.7
    Assume we are watching a real-time stream video on our
    computer. Such a program is considered a long file; it is divided
    into many small parts and broadcast in real time. The parts of the
    message are sent one after another. If the transport layer is
    supposed to resend a corrupted or lost frame, the synchronizing
    of the whole transmission may be lost. The viewer suddenly sees a
    blank screen and needs to wait until the second transmission
    arrives. This is not tolerable. However, if each small part of the
    screen is sent using one single user datagram, the receiving UDP
    can easily ignore the corrupted or lost packet and deliver the rest
    to the application program. That part of the screen is blank for a
    very short period of the time, which most viewers do not even
    notice. However, video cannot be viewed out of order, so
    streaming audio, video, and voice applications that run over UDP
    must reorder or drop frames that are out of sequence.

    TCP/IP Protocol Suite 18

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