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    Lymphoma: By: Angel R. Aggabao

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    Lymphoma is a cancer that begins in lymphocytes, which are immune cells found in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and other areas. Signs may include enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue, weight loss, abdominal swelling, and frequent infections. Risk factors include age, gender, family history, and certain virus exposures. Diagnosis involves tests such as biopsies, imaging scans, and lumbar puncture to determine if lymphoma has spread. Treatment options include active surveillance for slow-growing types, chemotherapy to destroy cancer cells, radiation therapy, and sometimes surgery.

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    Lymphoma: By: Angel R. Aggabao

    Uploaded by

    Secret
    12 views11 pages
    Lymphoma is a cancer that begins in lymphocytes, which are immune cells found in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and other areas. Signs may include enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue, weight loss, abdominal swelling, and frequent infections. Risk factors include age, gender, family history, and certain virus exposures. Diagnosis involves tests such as biopsies, imaging scans, and lumbar puncture to determine if lymphoma has spread. Treatment options include active surveillance for slow-growing types, chemotherapy to destroy cancer cells, radiation therapy, and sometimes surgery.

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    Lymphoma is a cancer that begins in lymphocytes, which are immune cells found in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and other areas. Signs may include enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue, weight loss, abdominal swelling, and frequent infections. Risk factors include age, gender, family history, and certain virus exposures. Diagnosis involves tests such as biopsies, imaging scans, and lumbar puncture to determine if lymphoma has spread. Treatment options include active surveillance for slow-growing types, chemotherapy to destroy cancer cells, radiation therapy, and sometimes surgery.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    12 views11 pages

    Lymphoma: By: Angel R. Aggabao

    Uploaded by

    Secret
    Lymphoma is a cancer that begins in lymphocytes, which are immune cells found in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and other areas. Signs may include enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue, weight loss, abdominal swelling, and frequent infections. Risk factors include age, gender, family history, and certain virus exposures. Diagnosis involves tests such as biopsies, imaging scans, and lumbar puncture to determine if lymphoma has spread. Treatment options include active surveillance for slow-growing types, chemotherapy to destroy cancer cells, radiation therapy, and sometimes surgery.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    LYMPHOMA

    By: Angel R. Aggabao


    • is cancer that begins in infection-fighting
    cells of the immune system, called
    lymphocytes. These cells are in the lymph
    nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and
    other parts of the body.

    Lymphoma
    • For all lymphomas combined, prevalence ranged
    from 48.0 (95% CI 45.8–50.3) per 100 000
    Incidence population within 3 years of diagnosis, through to
    72.5 (95% CI 69.7–75.3) per 100 000 within 5 years
    and 123.7 (95% CI 120.0–127.4) within 10 years.
    Pathophysiology
    • Enlarged lymph nodes
    • Chills
    • Weight loss
    • Fatigue (feeling very tired)

    Sign & • Swollen abdomen (belly)


    • Feeling full after only a small amount of food
    Symptoms • Chest pain or pressure
    • Shortness of breath or cough
    • Severe or frequent infections
    • Easy bruising or bleeding
    • Age. People between the ages of 15 and 40 and people older
    than 55 are more likely to develop Hodgkin lymphoma.
    • Gender. In general, men are slightly more likely to develop
    Hodgkin lymphoma than women, although the nodular sclerosis
    subtype is more common in women.
    • Family history. Brothers and sisters of people with Hodgkin
    lymphoma have a higher chance of developing the disease,
    although the increase in risk is small.

    Risk Factors • Virus exposure. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes infectious


    mononucleosis, often called "mono." Nearly all adult Americans
    and many others around the world have an EBV infection.
    About 20% to 25% of people with cHL in the United States have
    lymphoma cells that test positive for EBV. Although a person’s
    immune system response to an infection with EBV may be
    important in the development of Hodgkin lymphoma, doctors
    still do not understand why, when so many people have been
    infected with EBV, relatively very few people ever develop
    Hodgkin lymphoma. People with HIV also have a higher risk of
    developing Hodgkin lymphoma, particularly lymphocyte-
    depleted Hodgkin lymphoma.
    Tumor Marker

    • CD20
    • Cancer type: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
    What's analyzed: Blood
    How used: To determine whether treatment with a targeted therapy is appropriate
    • Lactate dehydrogenase
    • Cancer types: Germ cell tumors, lymphoma, leukemia, melanoma, and neuroblastoma
    What's analyzed: Blood
    How used: To assess stage, prognosis, and response to treatment
    • Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)
    • Cancer types: Non-small cell lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, gastroesophageal junction
     cancer, classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and other aggressive lymphoma subtypes
    What's analyzed: Tumor
    How used: To determine whether treatment with a particular type of targeted therapy is appropriate
    • T-cell receptor gene rearrangement
    • Cancer type: T-cell lymphoma
    What's analyzed: Bone marrow, tissue, body fluid, blood
    How used: To help in diagnosis; sometimes to detect and evaluate residual disease
    Diagnostic Test

    • bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, lumbar puncture, chest x-ray, body
    CT, PET, bone scan, body MRI or abdominal ultrasound may be used to
    look for enlarged lymph nodes throughout the body
    and determine whether the lymphoma has spread.
    Medical Intervention

    • Non-Surgical

    Active surveillance. Some forms of lymphoma are very slow


    growing. ...
    • Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy fast-growing
    cells, such as cancer cells. ...
    • Radiation therapy. ...
    Medical Intervention

    • Surgical

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