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    Blood Grouping Presentation 4

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    Aisha Shahfiquee
    The document summarizes information about blood grouping systems. It discusses that blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma, with antigens on red blood cells and antibodies in plasma determining blood type. The two most important systems are ABO and Rh. ABO involves A, B antigens and anti-A, anti-B antibodies, with four blood groups resulting. Rh involves D and other antigens, determining Rh positive or negative blood. Blood groups are inherited and important for blood transfusions.

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    Blood Grouping Presentation 4

    Uploaded by

    Aisha Shahfiquee
    57 views13 pages
    The document summarizes information about blood grouping systems. It discusses that blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma, with antigens on red blood cells and antibodies in plasma determining blood type. The two most important systems are ABO and Rh. ABO involves A, B antigens and anti-A, anti-B antibodies, with four blood groups resulting. Rh involves D and other antigens, determining Rh positive or negative blood. Blood groups are inherited and important for blood transfusions.

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    The document summarizes information about blood grouping systems. It discusses that blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma, with antigens on red blood cells and antibodies in plasma determining blood type. The two most important systems are ABO and Rh. ABO involves A, B antigens and anti-A, anti-B antibodies, with four blood groups resulting. Rh involves D and other antigens, determining Rh positive or negative blood. Blood groups are inherited and important for blood transfusions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    57 views13 pages

    Blood Grouping Presentation 4

    Uploaded by

    Aisha Shahfiquee
    The document summarizes information about blood grouping systems. It discusses that blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma, with antigens on red blood cells and antibodies in plasma determining blood type. The two most important systems are ABO and Rh. ABO involves A, B antigens and anti-A, anti-B antibodies, with four blood groups resulting. Rh involves D and other antigens, determining Rh positive or negative blood. Blood groups are inherited and important for blood transfusions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Blood Grouping

    Presented by: Muniba Manzoor, Roll No. 28


    Presented to: Dr. Saba
    Introduction
    Blood is composed of RBCs , WBCs, platelets and plasma.
    Antibodies are present in plasma while antigens for blood grouping
    are present on surface of RBCs.
    A blood is classified by the type of antigens on RBCs and/or type of
    antibodies in the plasma.
    Antigens can be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins or
    glycolipids depending upon the blood group system.
    There are 36 types of blood group systems and 346 antigens but
    two most important blood group systems are ABO and Rh blood
    group system.
    ABO blood group system was discovered by Karl Landsteiner in
    1901 and Rh blood group system was discovered by Karl
    Landsteiner and Alexander S. Wiener in 1937
    Blood group systems
    An individual’s blood type is one of many possible
    combinations of blood group antigens.
    Almost always an individual has same blood group for
    life but rarely due to addition or suppression of antigen
    blood group is changed because of infection,
    malignancy, autoimmune disease or bone marrow
    transplant.
    Some blood types are associated with inheritence of
    other diseases, for example Kell antigen is associated
    with Mcleod syndrome.
    Some blood types may affect susceptibility to
    infections, for example resistance to certain malaria
    species in people lacking Duffy antigen.
    Blood groups are inherited from parents in the same
    way as other genetic traits.
    Each blood group is contributed by both the parents.
    ABO blood group system
    This involves two antigens, antigen A and antigen B and
    two antibodies, anti-A and anti-B antibody.
    Antigens are present on the surface of RBCs while
    antibodies are present in blood plasma.
    According to presence of these antigens and antibodies
    there are four types of blood group.
    i. Blood group A: antigen A with anti-B antibody
    ii. Blood group B: antigen B with anti-A antibody
    iii. Blood group AB: antigens A and B but no antibodies
    iv. Blood group O: no antigens but both A and B antibodies
    ABO blood system is most important in human blood
    transfusion because there is agglutination reaction
    between similar antigen and antibody.
    The anti-A and anti-B antibodies are immunoglobulin M
    abbreviated IgM antibodies which are produced in the
    first year of life.
    H antigen is precursor to ABO blood group antigens and
    it is present in all RBCs irrespective of the blood type.
    Persons with raere Bombay phenotype lack this antigen
    H on RBCs due to expression of H gene in homozygous
    condition (HH).
    The gene for ABO blood group system is present on
    chromosome 9 and gene for H anitigen is present on
    chromosome 11.
    The inheritence of one or more alternative forms of
    this gene A, B or O results in different blood groups.
    ABO inheritance pattern
    Rh blood group system
    It is second most important blood group system with
    crrently 50 antigens but most important Rh antigen is
    D-antigen because it can provoke immune response of
    five main Rh antigens.
    There are two types of blood group, Rh positive and Rh
    negative depending upon presence or absence of these
    antigens.
    In D-negative people there is no anti-D IgG or IgM
    antibodies but they can produce antibopdies IgG due
    to sensitization from D-positive RBCs which can
    develop diseases in these cases.
    The genes for this blood group are RHD and RHCE
    present on the chromosome 1.
    RHD gene is dominant so if only one gene (allele) is
    present, person will be Rh positive and for Rh negative
    no RHD gene is inherited.
    Rh inheritance pattern
    Thank You

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