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    2 Language Learning

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    Alexander Ymon Claro
    This document provides an introduction to linguistics. It defines language as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. It discusses several views of language, including that language is primarily for communication, vocal in nature, and a system of interconnected systems. The document also outlines several theories of language learning, including behaviorist theory focusing on conditioning, cognitive theory emphasizing an innate language acquisition device, and Krashen's monitor model comprising acquisition, natural order, monitor, input, and affective filter hypotheses.

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    2 Language Learning

    Uploaded by

    Alexander Ymon Claro
    48 views21 pages
    This document provides an introduction to linguistics. It defines language as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. It discusses several views of language, including that language is primarily for communication, vocal in nature, and a system of interconnected systems. The document also outlines several theories of language learning, including behaviorist theory focusing on conditioning, cognitive theory emphasizing an innate language acquisition device, and Krashen's monitor model comprising acquisition, natural order, monitor, input, and affective filter hypotheses.

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    2-Language-Learning.ppt

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    This document provides an introduction to linguistics. It defines language as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. It discusses several views of language, including that language is primarily for communication, vocal in nature, and a system of interconnected systems. The document also outlines several theories of language learning, including behaviorist theory focusing on conditioning, cognitive theory emphasizing an innate language acquisition device, and Krashen's monitor model comprising acquisition, natural order, monitor, input, and affective filter hypotheses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    48 views21 pages

    2 Language Learning

    Uploaded by

    Alexander Ymon Claro
    This document provides an introduction to linguistics. It defines language as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. It discusses several views of language, including that language is primarily for communication, vocal in nature, and a system of interconnected systems. The document also outlines several theories of language learning, including behaviorist theory focusing on conditioning, cognitive theory emphasizing an innate language acquisition device, and Krashen's monitor model comprising acquisition, natural order, monitor, input, and affective filter hypotheses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 21

    INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS

    Key points in this unit


    1 About LANGUAGE
     The definition of Language
     Views about Language

    2 Theories on Language Learning




    Linguistics

    Linguistics, simply, is the study of language.
    Then,

    Whatis languages ?


    Is language human specific ? Do
    animals have language?
    The definition of Language
     Language is purely human and non-instinctive
    method of communicating ideas, emotions and
    desires by means of voluntarily produced
    symbols (Sapir, 1921).
     Language is a system of arbitrary, vocal
    symbols which permit all people in a given
    culture, or other people who have learned the
    system of that culture to communicate or to
    interact (Finocchiaro, 1965).
    The definition of Language
     Language is a system of communication by
    sound, operating through the organs of
    speech, among members of a given
    community, and using vocal symbols
    possessing arbitrary conventional meaning
    (Pei, 1966)
    The definition of Language
    The generally accepted definition:
    Language is a system of arbitrary
    vocal symbols used for human
    communication (Wardhaugh,
    1972).
    VIEWS ABOUT LANGUAGE
    1. LANGUAGE IS A MEANS
    OF COMMUNICATION.
    2. LANGUAGE IS PRIMARY
    VOCAL.

    Primary medium of language


    is SPEECH.

    WRITTEN record is but a


    secondary representation of
    language.
    3. LANGUAGE IS A SYSTEM
    OF SYSTEMS.

    Language is not a
    disorganized combination of
    sounds.
    4. LANGUAGE IS
    ARBITRARY.

    It means knowing a language


    makes one a human.
    Theories on Language Learning

    1. Behaviorist Language Theory


    2. Cognitive Learning Theory
    3. Krashen's Monitor Model
    Theories on Language Learning

    1. Behaviorist Language Theory


    -language behavior is conditioned by
    sequences of different rewards in his
    environment
    -process of habit formation
    -reinforcement and punishment
    -imitation
    Theories on Language Learning

    2. Cognitive Learning Theory


    -Universal Grammar Theory
    -Noam Chomsky

    All have an inborn biological internal


    mechanism that makes language learning
    possible. (LAD)
    Theories on Language Learning

    3. Krashen's Monitor Theory


    -most comprehensive
    -most cited
    Theories on Language Learning

    3. Krashen's Monitor Theory


    A. Acquisition/Learning

    Acquisition -subconscious process that results


    from informal, natural, communication between
    people.

    Learning – conscious process of knowing about


    the language. It is formal.
    Theories on Language Learning

    3. Krashen's Monitor Theory

    B. Natural Order Hypothesis

    -grammatical structures are acquired in a


    predictable order.
    -certain structures are learned before others.
    Theories on Language Learning

    3. Krashen's Monitor Theory

    C. Monitor Hypothesis

    -The monitor is an editing device that may


    normally operate before language
    performance.
    Theories on Language Learning

    3. Krashen's Monitor Theory

    D. Input Hypothesis

    -learners are exposed to grammatical features


    a little beyond their current level.

    (i + 1)
    Theories on Language Learning

    3. Krashen's Monitor Theory

    E. Affective Filter Hypothesis

    -Filter consists of attitude to learning the


    language.
    -motivation, self-confidence

    Favorable attitude → Low affective filter


    Anxious learners → High affective filter
    Thank You For Listening!

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