Information technology systems consist of people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and connectivity. People are the most important part as the goal is to make them more productive. Software includes system software that enables hardware and application software for general and specialized uses. Hardware are the physical devices like computers, storage, and input/output devices. Data is raw unprocessed facts in various file formats that is processed into information. The internet and mobile connectivity allow sharing of information between systems. Emerging technologies like cloud computing, wireless devices, and the internet of things are changing the impact of technology.
Information technology systems consist of people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and connectivity. People are the most important part as the goal is to make them more productive. Software includes system software that enables hardware and application software for general and specialized uses. Hardware are the physical devices like computers, storage, and input/output devices. Data is raw unprocessed facts in various file formats that is processed into information. The internet and mobile connectivity allow sharing of information between systems. Emerging technologies like cloud computing, wireless devices, and the internet of things are changing the impact of technology.
Information technology systems consist of people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and connectivity. People are the most important part as the goal is to make them more productive. Software includes system software that enables hardware and application software for general and specialized uses. Hardware are the physical devices like computers, storage, and input/output devices. Data is raw unprocessed facts in various file formats that is processed into information. The internet and mobile connectivity allow sharing of information between systems. Emerging technologies like cloud computing, wireless devices, and the internet of things are changing the impact of technology.
Information technology systems consist of people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and connectivity. People are the most important part as the goal is to make them more productive. Software includes system software that enables hardware and application software for general and specialized uses. Hardware are the physical devices like computers, storage, and input/output devices. Data is raw unprocessed facts in various file formats that is processed into information. The internet and mobile connectivity allow sharing of information between systems. Emerging technologies like cloud computing, wireless devices, and the internet of things are changing the impact of technology.
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Information Technology, the
Internet, and You
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
• The way to think about a personal computer
is to realize that it is one part of an information system. There are several parts of an information system: • People are an essential part of the system. The purpose of information systems is to make people, or end users like you, more productive. • • Procedures are rules or guidelines to follow when using software, hardware, and data. They are typically documented in manuals written by computer professionals. • Software (programs) provides step-by-step instructions to control the computer to convert data into information. • Hardware consists of the physical equipment. It is controlled by software and processes data to create information. • Data consists of unprocessed facts including text, numbers, images, and sound. Information is data that has been processed by the computer. • The Internet allows computers to connect and share information. PEOPLE are the most important part of an information system. • Privacy marginal boxes discuss threats to your personal privacy and suggest ways to protect yourself. • Environment boxes discuss important and relevant environmental issues. The impact of computers and other technologies is more critical today than ever before. • Ethics boxes pose a variety of different ethical/unethical situations for your consideration. • Careers in IT presents job descriptions, employment demands, educational requirements, salary ranges, and advancement opportunities. Software, or programs, consists of system and application software. System software enables application software to interact with computer hardware. • Operating systems coordinate resources, provide an interface, and run applications. Three types are embedded (real-time, RTOS), stand- alone, and network (NOS). • Utilities perform specific tasks to manage computer resources. Application software includes general- purpose, specialized, and mobile applications. • General purpose—widely used in nearly all career areas; programs include browsers, word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and presentation graphics. • Specialized—focus more on specific disciplines and occupations; programs include graphics and web authoring. • Apps (mobile apps, mobile applications)—designed for mobile devices; most popular are for text messaging, Internet browsing, and connecting to social networks. Hardware consists of electronic devices that can follow instructions to accept input, process the input, and produce information. Types of computers Supercomputer, mainframe, midrange (server), and personal computers (PCs) are four types of computers. Personal computers can be desktop, laptop (notebook computer), tablet, smartphone, and wearable. Personal Computer Hardware There are four basic categories of hardware devices: • System unit contains electronic circuitry, including microprocessors and memory. Random-access memory (RAM) holds the program and data currently being processed. • Input/output devices are translators between humans and computers. Input devices include the keyboard and mouse. The most common output device is the computer display (monitor). • Secondary storage holds data and programs. Typical media include hard disks, solid- state storage, and optical discs (CD, DVD, and Blu-ray). • Communication devices allow personal computers to communicate with other computer systems. Modems modify audio, video, and other types of data for transmission across the Internet. Data is the raw unprocessed facts about something. Common file types include: Document files created by word processors. Worksheet files created by spreadsheet programs. Database files created by database management programs. Presentation files created by presentation graphics programs. CONNECTIVITY AND MOBILE INTERNET • Connectivity describes the ability of end users to use resources well beyond their desktops. • Central to the concept of connectivity is the network or communication system connecting two or more computers. • The Internet is the world’s largest computer network. • The web provides a multimedia interface to resources available on the Internet. Along with the Internet, three other things are driving the impact of technology: • Cloud computing uses the Internet and the web to shift many computer activities from a user’s computer to computers on the Internet. • Wireless revolution has changed the way we communicate and use computer technology. Wireless devices include tablets, smartphones, and watches. • The Internet of Things (IoT) is the continuing development of the Internet that allows everyday objects embedded with electronic devices to send and receive data over the Internet. CAREERS in IT