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    3 Accommodation

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    Jiyaa Patel
    This document discusses accommodation, the ability of the eye to focus on objects at varying distances. It defines accommodation and describes the mechanism, which involves changing the curvature of the lens through contraction of the ciliary muscles. The document discusses concepts like far point, near point, amplitude of accommodation, and presbyopia. It also outlines the pathways and reflexes involved in accommodation and pupillary response.

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    3 Accommodation

    Uploaded by

    Jiyaa Patel
    89 views18 pages
    This document discusses accommodation, the ability of the eye to focus on objects at varying distances. It defines accommodation and describes the mechanism, which involves changing the curvature of the lens through contraction of the ciliary muscles. The document discusses concepts like far point, near point, amplitude of accommodation, and presbyopia. It also outlines the pathways and reflexes involved in accommodation and pupillary response.

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    This document discusses accommodation, the ability of the eye to focus on objects at varying distances. It defines accommodation and describes the mechanism, which involves changing the curvature of the lens through contraction of the ciliary muscles. The document discusses concepts like far point, near point, amplitude of accommodation, and presbyopia. It also outlines the pathways and reflexes involved in accommodation and pupillary response.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    89 views18 pages

    3 Accommodation

    Uploaded by

    Jiyaa Patel
    This document discusses accommodation, the ability of the eye to focus on objects at varying distances. It defines accommodation and describes the mechanism, which involves changing the curvature of the lens through contraction of the ciliary muscles. The document discusses concepts like far point, near point, amplitude of accommodation, and presbyopia. It also outlines the pathways and reflexes involved in accommodation and pupillary response.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Accommodation

    Accommodation
    Definition : Adjustment of the optical
    apparatus so as to change the refractive
    power of the eye when the image of a near
    object is brought to a focus on the retina.

    Ability of the eye to focus on objects of


    varying distances is called process of
    accommodation
    Mechanism involves change in curvature of lens.

    Emmetropic eye -- ciliary muscle relaxed parallel rays


    from distant objects focus on retina
    closer objects divergent rays behind retina
    How to focus divergent rays on retina ?
    Increase distance between lens & retina – bony fish
    Increase curvature (refractive power ) of lens –mammals
    Far point : farthest distance from the eye at which an object
    can be seen clearly 6 meter ( 20 ft ) -- infinity
    Near point : nearest point from the eye at which object can be
    brought into clear focus by accommodation. recedes
    throughout life slowly at first & rapidly at advancing age
    9 cms 10 yrs, 25 cms young 83cms
    old
    Range of accommodation : distance between far point &
    near point

    Amplitude of accommodation : difference in refractive


    powers of lens of fully accommodated eye ( ciliary muscles
    maximally contracted ( +29 D ) & resting eye( ciliary muscles
    completely relaxed( +15 D )
    Young person 29 D – 15 D =14 D
    Mechanism of accommodation---- increase curvature of lens to make
    it more convex

    Young age 20 D to 34 D ------ 14 D


    Accommodation for far vision
    ciliary muscles completely relaxed –ligaments tense-
    lens flatten Refractive power minimum +15 D.

    Accommodation for near vision


    Both ciliary muscles contract – ligaments laxation—
    lens globular- Refractive power maximum + 29 D.

    contraction of ciliary muscles controlled by


    parasympathetic impulses - 3rd cranial nerve
    Lens system of eye consist of
    interface bet. Air & ant. Surface of cornea
    interface bet. post surface of cornea & aqueous humor
    interface bet aqueous humor & ant. Surface of lens
    interface bet. post surface of lens & vitreous humor
    Presbyopia
    Person older – lens larger, thicker, less elastic –
    progressive denaturation of lens proteins - ability of lens
    to change shape decreases with age.
    Amplitude of accommodation decreases 14 D to 2 D at 45
    to 50 years. zero D at 70 years
    lens nonaccommodating –presbyopia
    eye remains focused permanently at almost constant
    distance (physical characteristics of eye)
    near & far vision affected
    correction -- Bifocal glasses
    Autonomic innervation of eye &reflex arc for light reflex
    retina
    optic nerve
    Pathway for accommodation reflex
    optic tract

    LGB
    visual cortex area 17 ( occipital lobe)

    area 8 ( frontal eye field)

    intermingle with corticospinal tract 


    turns back to midbrain

    Edinger –Westphal nucleus Sphincter pupillae


    Medial recti
    Ciliary ganglion short ciliary nerve
    Ciliary muscle
    Accommodation reflex

    1. Constriction of both pupils

    2. Convergence of both eyeballs

    3. Bulging of anterior surface of the lens - by


    contraction of ciliary muscles of both eyes
    Pathway for light reflex

    Retina
    Optic nerve
    Optic chiasma
    Optic tract Pretectal nuclei Edinger Westapal nucleus

    Ciliary ganglion

    Sphincter pupillae

    Pupil constricts
    Control of pupillary diameter

    Parasymp. Stim. - miosis – pupil constricts


    contraction of sphincter pupillae

    Symp. Stim. ---mydriasis–


    dilatation of pupil - contraction of dilator pupillae

    Argyll Robertson pupil


    Pupil fails to respond to light but responds to accommodation.
    Thank You

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