Protection of MVDC Distribution System

Protection Of MVDC
Distribution System
Presented by: Supervisor:

• Maqsood Ahmad Shah • Dr. Syed Basit Bukhari
• Reg# 277187
• Discipline: Electrical Engineering
(power)
Review Of Previous Work Done
 What is MVDC?? How Realization of MVDC is Possible??

 Issues While Implementing MVDC Distribution System
 Protection Issues in MVDC Distribution System( Fast Protection
Scheme and Zero Crossing Achievement)
 Literature Review on Problem Identification (Fault Detection
,Localization and Isolation )
 Literature Review for Solution of Identified Problem
Latest Work Done
Literature Review On MVDC Fault Detection Techniques

 Differential Protection
 Directional Protection
 Inductance Measurement Based Method
 Probe Power Unit Based Method
 Coordination between Supply Converter And Bus Contactors
Literature Review On HVDC Fault Detection Techniques
 Improved Differential Protection Scheme
 ROCOV Based Technique
 Transient Voltage based Protection scheme using superimposed principle
MVDC Fault Detection Techniques
Technique Paper And Journal Summary
1- Primary Differential Protection Protection Strategies for Medium- • Communication based differential
And Backup Overcurrent Voltage Direct-Current Micro grid at Protection is used for Transmission
Protection a Remote Area Mine Site line
(IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON • Overcurrent Protection is used for
POWER DELIVERY, 2015) sources and loads(Backup protection
for Transmission lines)
2- Directional Protection and DC Ring-Bus Micro grid Fault • To achieve Selectivity bus is
Probe Power Unit Based Fault Protection and Identiﬁcation of Fault segmented into overlapping nodes and
Localization Location kinks
(IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON • IEDs are used to monitor the current
POWER DELIVERY,2013) entering or leaving in a segment
• Probe Power Unit is used to locate the
fault
MVDC Fault Detection Techniques(Continued)
3- Inductance Measurement Based A Novel Fault Location Method and • In Transient Period Of Few
Protection Scheme Using Least Algorithm for DC Distribution millisecond inductance is estimated
Square Method Protection between protective device and fault
( IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON • Inductance is measured using
INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS,2017) Least Square Method
• This is a Local Measurement
Based Technique
4- Apparent Resistance Fault Detection and Isolation in • Controller of each Converter

Measurement Based Technique Medium-Voltage DC Micro grids: measures apparent Resistance
Coordination Between Supply Power and then its Decision Algorithm
Converters and Bus Contactors Decides whether to go or not in
(IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER Current Limiting Mode
ELECTRONICS, 2018) • A similar Fault Detection Algorithm
is Present in the Controller Of Each
Contactor
MVDC Fault Detection Techniques
5- Fault Detection Using A Non-unit Protection Scheme • Uses Rate of discharge current from DC link
Initial di/dt for DC Micro grid Based on Capacitor to detect fault
Local Measurements • This Scheme is based on characteristics of
(IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON natural DC current and its first and second
POWER DELIVERY, 2017) derivative
• In Steady State is zero
• If 0≤≤ Then
If Then
So
6-Distance Protection Based Distance Protection Based On • Measures Small difference between incident and
6-Distance Protection
On Travelling Waves Based Distance
TravellingProtection
Waves Based On • MeasuresWave
travelling Small difference between incident and
On Travelling Waves Travelling Waves on Power
(IEEE Transactions • travelling Wave
A correlation technique is used to recognize the
(IEEE Transactions
Apparatus on Power
and Systems,1983) • A correlation
wave technique
returning is used to recognize the
from fault
Apparatus and Systems,1983) • wave
Havereturning from fault
High Accuracy
• Have High Accuracy
HVDC Fault Detection Techniques
1. Transient Voltage Based Fault detection Scheme

 Fault Identification is achieved by calculating ratio of transient voltages ROTV

at both side of inductor
 =
 For a Fault on DC Cable value of Kmn will be larger
 For an external Fault value of Kmn will be smaller than 1
2. Transient Protection Scheme For HVDC Lines

 In this Scheme transient energy is calculated at both ends of DC line . And then
transient energy of DC line is calculated by

 Delta E threshold is set by following formula
If Delta E >0 it means fault occurs external to the DC line Protected

If Delta E<0 It means fault occurs in the DC line
3. Fault Detection Using ROCOV Technique
 ROCOV at the line side of inductor is calculated

 ROCOV decreases as fault moves away from measuring point
 When following condition is met for all branches in a bus, it means bus fault has occurred

4-Travelling Wave Protection scheme based on Symmetrical

Component Analysis
 Characteristics of initial values of fault initiated travelling waves are studied
under various fault conditions
 Symmetrical Components are analyzed with the help of Superimposed
Principle under various Fault Conditions i.e. L-G,L-L and L-L-G
 For single Line to ground Fault
 For Double Line to ground Fault

 For Line to Line Fault
 Value of Relaying signal b1 is 0 at steady state condition. When fault occurs

its value increases. Fault is Detected when following criteria is met
LVDC Fault Detection Schemes
1- Overcurrent Based Fault Coordinated Control of the In two ways this technique can be applied
Detection Bus Tie Switches and • Traditional Overcurrent Relay is used for fault
Power Supply Converters detection. A Passive LC circuit is used to generate
for Fault Protection in DC Frequency signal under various fault Condition
Micro grids which is captured by DWT.
(IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON • Coordinated Control of mechanical switches and
POWER converter with full current handling capability(Fault
ELECTRONICS,2013) detection is done by algorithm in controller of
converter )
2- Using Rate Of Change Of Fault Detection and • DC ring Bus is divided into several zones
current Isolation in a DC Micro Grid • A DSP based central processing unit receives
Using a Central Processing current magnitudes from each zone
Unit • Derivative is applied to find change of current
(Conference 2015) magnitude
• Subtraction is applied between change value and
previous value
• Fault is detected if change is greater than threshold
LVDC Fault Detection Techniques
3- Differential Fault Detection High-Speed Differential • Comparing the magnitude of current or Relative
Scheme Protection for Smart DC Direction of each current at boundaries of a
Distribution Systems specified element within network
(IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON • Dependent on integrity of communication
SMART GRID,2014 ) system
4-Direction of fault current Validation of Fast and Fault Detection

based protection scheme Selective Protection Scheme • Measure current (magnitude and direction) and
for an LVDC Distribution Voltage DC by upstream and downstream IEDs
Network • If I and are greater than threshold ,Fault is
(IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON detected.
POWER DELIVERY, 2017) Fault Location is calculated by current Direction
• If fault direction value of converter IED is 1 and
feeders IED is 0 then fault is on CPP
• If any of customer feeder’s IED also have 1
value then customer end feeder has fault
• Otherwise main feeder will have fault

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Protection Of MVDC

Presented by: Supervisor:

 What is MVDC?? How Realization of MVDC is Possible??

Literature Review On MVDC Fault Detection Techniques

Technique Paper And Journal Summary

4- Apparent Resistance Fault Detection and Isolation in • Controller of each Converter

Technique Paper And Journal Summary

 Fault Identification is achieved by calculating ratio of transient voltages ROTV

2. Transient Protection Scheme For HVDC Lines

 Delta E threshold is set by following formula

If Delta E >0 it means fault occurs external to the DC line Protected

3. Fault Detection Using ROCOV Technique

 ROCOV at the line side of inductor is calculated

4-Travelling Wave Protection scheme based on Symmetrical

 For Double Line to ground Fault

 For Line to Line Fault

 Value of Relaying signal b1 is 0 at steady state condition. When fault occurs

4-Direction of fault current Validation of Fast and Fault Detection

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