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    Repetition Structures "Loops"

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    Hani Tamimi
    The document discusses repetition structures called loops, specifically the while loop. It provides examples of how the while loop works, including: 1) The general format of the while loop evaluates an expression and repeats a statement or block of statements if the expression is true. 2) Loops must contain logic to eventually make the expression false to avoid infinite loops. 3) The while loop can be used for input validation by repeating a prompt and read until valid input is entered. 4) A counter variable is often used to control how many times a loop repeats. The counter must be initialized and typically incremented or decremented each iteration.

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    Repetition Structures "Loops"

    Uploaded by

    Hani Tamimi
    13 views21 pages
    The document discusses repetition structures called loops, specifically the while loop. It provides examples of how the while loop works, including: 1) The general format of the while loop evaluates an expression and repeats a statement or block of statements if the expression is true. 2) Loops must contain logic to eventually make the expression false to avoid infinite loops. 3) The while loop can be used for input validation by repeating a prompt and read until valid input is entered. 4) A counter variable is often used to control how many times a loop repeats. The counter must be initialized and typically incremented or decremented each iteration.

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    lecture#9.ppt

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    The document discusses repetition structures called loops, specifically the while loop. It provides examples of how the while loop works, including: 1) The general format of the while loop evaluates an expression and repeats a statement or block of statements if the expression is true. 2) Loops must contain logic to eventually make the expression false to avoid infinite loops. 3) The while loop can be used for input validation by repeating a prompt and read until valid input is entered. 4) A counter variable is often used to control how many times a loop repeats. The counter must be initialized and typically incremented or decremented each iteration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    13 views21 pages

    Repetition Structures "Loops"

    Uploaded by

    Hani Tamimi
    The document discusses repetition structures called loops, specifically the while loop. It provides examples of how the while loop works, including: 1) The general format of the while loop evaluates an expression and repeats a statement or block of statements if the expression is true. 2) Loops must contain logic to eventually make the expression false to avoid infinite loops. 3) The while loop can be used for input validation by repeating a prompt and read until valid input is entered. 4) A counter variable is often used to control how many times a loop repeats. The counter must be initialized and typically incremented or decremented each iteration.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Repetition Structures

    “Loops”
    Introduction to Loops: The while
    Loop
    Introduction to Loops:
    The while Loop
    • Loop: a control structure that causes a
    statement or statements to repeat
    • General format of the while loop:
    while (expression)
    statement;
    • statement; can also be a block of
    statements enclosed in { }
    The while Loop – How It Works
    while (expression)
    statement;
    • expression is evaluated
    – if true, then statement is executed, and
    expression is evaluated again
    – if false, then the loop is finished and
    program statements following statement
    execute
    The Logic of a while Loop
    The while loop in Program 5-3
    How the while Loop in Program 5-
    3 Lines 9 through 13 Works
    Flowchart of the while Loop in
    Program 5-3
    The while Loop is a Pretest Loop
    expression is evaluated before the
    loop executes. The following loop will
    never execute:

    int number = 6;
    while (number <= 5)
    {
    cout << "Hello\n";
    number++;
    }
    Watch Out for Infinite Loops
    • The loop must contain code to make
    expression become false
    • Otherwise, the loop will have no way of
    stopping
    • Such a loop is called an infinite loop,
    because it will repeat an infinite number of
    times
    Example of an Infinite Loop

    int number = 1;
    while (number <= 5)
    {
    cout << "Hello\n";
    }
    Using the while Loop for Input
    Validation
    Using the while Loop for
    Input Validation
    • Input validation is the process of
    inspecting data that is given to the
    program as input and determining whether
    it is valid.

    • The while loop can be used to create input


    routines that reject invalid data, and repeat
    until valid data is entered.
    Using the while Loop for
    Input Validation
    • Here's the general approach, in
    pseudocode:

    Read an item of input.


    While the input is invalid
    Display an error message.
    Read the input again.
    End While
    Input Validation Example

    cout << "Enter a number less than 10: ";


    cin >> number;
    while (number >= 10)
    {
    cout << "Invalid Entry!"
    << "Enter a number less than 10: ";
    cin >> number;
    }
    Flowchart for Input Validation
    Input Validation in Program 5-5
    Counters
    Counters
    • Counter: a variable that is incremented or
    decremented each time a loop repeats
    • Can be used to control execution of the
    loop (also known as the loop control
    variable)
    • Must be initialized before entering loop
    A Counter Variable Controls the
    Loop in Program 5-6

    Continued…
    A Counter Variable Controls the
    Loop in Program 5-6

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