Signals and Systems EE-315: Muhammad Asim Butt Asim - Butt@umt - Edu.pk
Signals and Systems EE-315: Muhammad Asim Butt Asim - Butt@umt - Edu.pk
Signals and Systems EE-315: Muhammad Asim Butt Asim - Butt@umt - Edu.pk
EE-315
Lecture 1
Text Book
Signals & Systems by Simon Haykin.
Reference
Signals & Systems by Allan V. Oppenheim.
Relationship to other Modules
• Pre-requisites
– Engineering Mathematics
• Dependent Courses:
Control
Systems
Communication Systems
Course Learning Outcomes
CLO 1: Describe signals mathematically, identify signal types,
determine basic operations on continuous-time and discrete-time
signals and classify the systems on the basis of their properties.
(Level C3)
CLO 2: Represent the signals and LTI system in time domain to
determine the response of the LTI systems to any input signal.
(Level C4)
CLO 3: Represent four types of signals in frequency domain to
analyze signals and LTI-systems. (Level C4)
CLO 4: Represent discrete time signals by using more general
representation namely z-transform, and compute z transform of
signals to analyze a broader class of signals and LTI systems.
(Level C3)
PROGRAM LEARNING OUTCOMES (PLOS)
to the solution of
o complex engineering problems.
PLO 2: Problem Analysis
An ability to
o identify,
o formulate,
o research literature, and
o analyze complex engineering problems
reaching substantiated conclusions using first
principles of
o mathematics,
o natural sciences and
o engineering sciences.
8 11/11/2020
Grading Policy
Mid 30 %
Final Examination 50 %
Assessments
A minimum of six quizzes will be administered.
Section 1.1
What is a Signal
Section 1.2
What is a System
Dial
Startup
Answer
REALITY MODEL
“Signal”
Information in the form of
Mathematical functions
-audio
- video Abstract
- text
State machines
“System” Differential equations
Transforms signals for Frequency response
-communication
- Simulate
computation Implement Calculate
- storage Predict Specify design
- for control
This lecture has been prepared from different web resources. Muhammad Asim Butt
Air
pressure
Function
description
Signal
Time
Sound: Time Air pressure
Input Output
Low pass System
x y
description
System filter
This lecture has been prepared from different web resources. Muhammad Asim Butt
What is a Signal?
A signal is a function of time that represent a physical
variable of interest.
Signals are variables that carry information(pattern of variation)
This lecture has been prepared from different web resources. Muhammad Asim Butt
How is a Signal Represented?
Mathematically, signals are represented as a function of one or
more independent variables.
For instance a black & white video signal intensity is
dependent on x, y coordinates and time t, f(x,y,t)
On this course, we shall be exclusively concerned with signals
that are a function of a single variable: time
f(t
)
This lecture has been prepared from different web resources. Muhammad Asim Butt
Continuous & Discrete-Time Signals
Continuous-Time Signals
x(t)
Most signals in the real world are
continuous time, as the scale is
infinitesimally fine.
Eg voltage, velocity,
t
Denote by x(t), where the time interval
may be bounded (finite) or infinite
Discrete-Time Signals
Some real world and many digital signals
are discrete time, as they are sampled
E.g. pixels, daily stock price (anything x[n]
that a digital computer processes)
Denote by x[n], where n is an integer
value that varies discretely
Sampled continuous signal x[n] n
=x(nT) , where T is sample time
This lecture has been prepared from different web resources. Muhammad Asim Butt
What is a System?
A system is a combination and interconection of several
components to perform a desired task.
Systems process input signals to produce output signals
Examples:
A circuit involving a capacitor can be viewed as a system that transforms
the source voltage (signal) to the voltage (signal) across the capacitor
A CD player takes the signal on the CD and transforms it into a signal
sent to the loud speaker
A communication system is generally composed of three sub-systems,
the transmitter, the channel and the receiver. The channel typically
attenuates and adds noise to the transmitted signal which must be
processed by the receiver
vs, vc
vs(t) vc(t)
first order
system t
Eg: Accelerometer
Displacement of mass proportional to acceleration
Acceleration converted to voltage
Voltage signal integrated to produce velocity
Second integration will produce distance.
This lecture has been prepared from different web resources. Muhammad Asim Butt
How Are Signal & Systems Related?
How to design a system to process a signal in particular ways?
0 n 0
x[n] [n]
1 n 0
0 n 0
x[n] u[n]
1 n 0
Note that the unit impulse is the first
difference (derivative) of the step signal
This lecture has been prepared from different web resources. Muhammad Asim Butt