Appreciative - Discriminative - Biased - Evaluative/Critical - Relationship - Informative - Attentive
Appreciative - Discriminative - Biased - Evaluative/Critical - Relationship - Informative - Attentive
Appreciative - Discriminative - Biased - Evaluative/Critical - Relationship - Informative - Attentive
• APPRECIATIVE
• DISCRIMINATIVE
• BIASED
• EVALUATIVE/CRITICAL
• RELATIONSHIP
• INFORMATIVE
• ATTENTIVE
APPRECIATIVE LISTENING
• listening for pleasure and enjoyment, as when we listen to music, to a comedy
routine, or to an entertaining speech.
• describes how well speakers choose and use words, use humor, ask questions.
tell stories, and argue persuasively
DISCRIMINATIVE LISTENING
• most basic type of listening
• difference between different sounds is identified.
• Exp: If you cannot hear differences, then you cannot make sense of the
meaning that is expressed by such differences.
• One reason why a person from one country finds it difficult to speak another
language perfectly - they are unable distinguish the subtle sounds that are
required in that language.
• Person who cannot hear the subtleties of emotional variation in another
person's voice - less likely to be able to discern the emotions of others
BIASED LISTENING
• the person hears only what they want to hear
• typically misinterpreting what the other person says based on the stereotypes
and other biases that they have.
• often very evaluative in nature
EVALUATIVE/CRITICAL LISTENING
• make judgments about what the other person is saying.
• seek to assess the truth of what is being said.
• judge what they say against our values, assessing them as good or bad, worthy
or unworthy.
• particularly pertinent when the other person is trying to persuade us, perhaps
to change our behavior and maybe even to change our beliefs
RELATIONSHIP LISTENING
• Sometimes the most important factor in listening is in order to develop or
sustain a relationship.
• Exp: lovers talk for hours and attend closely to what each other has to say when
the same words from someone else would seem to be rather boring.
• also important in areas such as negotiation and sales, where it is helpful if the
other person likes you and trusts you.
INFORMATIVE LISTENING
• refers to the situation where the listener’s primary concern is to understand message.
• listeners are successful insofar as the meaning they assign to message is as close as
possible to the meaning that the sender intended.
• Key variables
Vocabulary
Concentration
memory
ATTENTIVE LISTENNG
• Goal is to understand and remember what they are hearing.
• attentive listeners have relational goals like giving a positive
impression, advancing the relationship or demonstrating care.
• Attention skills
A posture of involvement
appropriate body motion
eye contact
Non-distractive environment
EFFECTIVE AND INEFFECTIVE LISTENING
• all of us can hear, but not all of us can listen.
• listening involves the reception and interpretation of what is being heard.
• it decodes the sound heard into meaning.
• An active listener-
does not finish others,sentences
does not answer questions with questions
is aware of and guards against biases
never daydreams or becomes preoccupied with his/her own thoughts when others talk
Does not dominate the conversation
Plans responses after the other person is finished speaking not while the other person is
speaking
provide feedback, but doesn’t interrupt incessantly
Take brief notes, as this forces one to concentrate on wht is being said.