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Chapter 5

This document discusses animation and provides an overview of computer-generated animation. It defines animation and describes how it works through persistence of vision and phi phenomenon. It also discusses different animation spaces like 2D, 2.5D and 3D. Common animation techniques like cel animation and computer animation are explained. Additionally, it covers various file formats used for animation and tips for making successful animations.

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hayqal fitriey
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95 views

Chapter 5

This document discusses animation and provides an overview of computer-generated animation. It defines animation and describes how it works through persistence of vision and phi phenomenon. It also discusses different animation spaces like 2D, 2.5D and 3D. Common animation techniques like cel animation and computer animation are explained. Additionally, it covers various file formats used for animation and tips for making successful animations.

Uploaded by

hayqal fitriey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 5

Animation
Overview
• Introduction to animation.
• Computer-generated animation.
• File formats used in animation.
• Making successful animations.
Introduction to Animation
• Animation is defined as the act of making
something come alive.
• It is concerned with the visual or
aesthetic aspect of the project.
• Animation is an object moving across or
into or out of the screen.
Introduction to Animation
• Animation is possible because of a
biological phenomenon known as
persistence of vision and psychological
phenomenon called phi.
• In animation, a series of images are
rapidly changed to create an illusion of
movement.
Introduction to Animation
• a car driving along a line

a spinning globe of the earth


Computer-Generated
Animation
• Animation space.
– 2-D space
– 2-1/2D space
– 3-D space
• Animation techniques.
Animation Space
Animation can be rendered in:
– 2-D space
• 2-D animations are very simple and static, not
changing position on the screen.
• Occur on flat Cartesian x and y axes of the
screen.
• Using authoring and presentation software
(flash, PowerPoint)
Animation Space
– 2-1/2D space
• An illusion of depth (the z axis) is created through
shadowing, highlighting, and forced perspective,
though in reality the image rests in two dimensions.
– 3-D space
• Complicated and realistic animations are done in
3-D space (x, y and z).
• Allowing an image to created with front, back,
sides, top, bottom, etc.
• Using 3-D animation program such as NewTeks’s
Lightwave or Alias|Wavefront’s Maya.
Animation Techniques
• Animation process.
• Cel animation.
• Computer animation.
Animation Process
The steps to be followed in creating animation
are:
– Organize the execution in a series of logical
steps.
– Choose an animation tool best suited for the job.
– Build and tweak the sequences.
– Post-process the completed animation.
Cel Animation
• The animation techniques a made
famous by Disney (plays at 24 frames
per second).
• Means, one minutes require as 1440
separate frames.
Cel Animation
• Cel animation is a technique in which a
series of progressively different
graphics are used on each frame of
movie film.
• Cel animation begins with keyframes.
• The term "cel" is derived from the clear
celluloid sheets that were used for
drawing each frame.
Cel Animation
• Keyframes refer to the first and the last
frame of an action.
• The frames in between the keyframes
are drawn in the tweening process.
• Tweening depicts the action that takes
place between keyframes.
• Tweening is followed by the pencil test.
Cel Animation
Computer Animation
• Computer animation is very similar to
cel animation.
• The primary difference is in how much
must be drawn by the animator and how
much is automatically generated by the
software.
Computer Animation
• Kinematics is the study of the movement and
motion of structures that have joints, such as
walking man .
• Inverse kinematics is the process of linking
objects, and defining their relationship and limits.
• Morphing is an effect in which a still or moving
image is transformed into another.
• Warping is an effect allows you to manipulate a
single image
Morphing
Warping
File Formats used in
Animation
• .dir and .dcr - Director files.
• .fli and .flc - AnimatorPro files.
• .max - 3D Studio Max files.
• .pics - SuperCard and Director files.
• .fla and .swf - Flash files.
File Formats used in
Animation
GIF89a file format:
– It is a version of the GIF image format.
– GIF89a allows multiple images to be put
into a single file and then be displayed as
an animation in the Web browser.
– Applications like BoxTop Software's
GIFmation or ULead's GIF Animator are
needed to create GIF89a animation.
Making Successful
Animations
• Use animation carefully and sparingly.
• High quality animations require superior
display platforms and hardware, as well
as raw computing horsepower.
• File compression is very important
when preparing animation files for the
Web.
Making Successful
Animations
Some animation tools are:
– Macromedia's Flash.
– Kai's Power Tools' Spheroid Designer.
– Alias|Wavefront's Maya.
– NewTek's Lightwave.
Summary
• Animation is visual change over time and
adds great power to multimedia.
• Cell animation uses a series of
progressively different graphics on each
frame of movie film.
• Computer animation has eased the
process of creating animation.
• Many file formats are designed specifically
to contain animation.

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