Testing and Commissioning of Power System Apparatus: MODULE-3: Transformers
Testing and Commissioning of Power System Apparatus: MODULE-3: Transformers
Testing and Commissioning of Power System Apparatus: MODULE-3: Transformers
MODULE-3:
COMMISSIONING OF POWER
SYSTEM APPARATUS TRANSFORMERS
TRANSFORMERS
Specification: Power& distribution transformers as per BIS standard.
Installation: Location, foundation details, conductor/cable termination boxes, bushings, polarity and
phase sequence, oil tank and radiators, nitrogen and oil filled trafos, drying of windings and general
inspection.
Commissioning Tests: Pre-commissioning, tests as per relevant BIS or IEC standards, ratio and
polarity, insulation resistance, oil dielectric strength, tap changing gear, fans and pumps for cooling,
neutral earthing resistance, buchholz relay, load tests and temperature rise, hot and cold IR value.
OBJECTIVES:
Describe the process to plan, control and implement commissioning of Transformers.
electrical equipment.
performance.
Indian Standards Institution (Bureau of Indian Standards) publishes IS standards. The manufacturers
and users in India have to follow IS standards and IEC standards.
The word specification or rating denotes the assigned numerical value of capabilities.
These ratings are confirmed by acceptance test to the satisfaction of the customer.
Essential ratings are marked on the rating plate fixed on the equipment.
NEED FOR STANDARDIZATION OF
SPECIFICATION:
Transformer is a job specific product and requires effort in its design and drafting, even if a
single parameter is changed.
Standardization of the specification and design parameters of this vital equipment of energy
transport will not only help in ensuring optimal distribution of available resources but also go a
long way in economizing the capital costs.
The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) report and the Central Board of Irrigation and power
(CBIP) specifications are the outcome of a concerted effort over years.
1.3SPECIFICATIONS OF
TRANSFORMERS
The specifications of transformers should be supplied to the purchaser.
avoid failure.
Transformers.
The specific information must be available with enquiry and order for the design and drafting of the
transformer.
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS OF A
POWER TRANSFORMER
Type of transformer: Separate winding transformer, autotransformer or booster transformer
Frequency
KVA Rating
Connection symbol
Number of rails and rail gauge for movement along shorter and longer axes
Any other appropriate information including special tests if any and capitization formula for the losses.
1.3.2 SPECIFICATION OF OUTDOOR TYPE 3-PHASE
DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER UP TO AND
INCLUDING100KVA,11 KV: IS 1180 (PART1):1989
This standard specifies the requirements and tests for oil immersed, naturally air cooled 3phase, and
double wound non sealed type outdoor distribution transformers.
KVA rating: The standard rating shall be 16, 25, 63 and100KVA
Rated Frequency: The rated frequency shall be 50Hz.
Nominal system voltage: Nominal system voltage shall be chosen from 3.3, 6.6 and 11KV.
No Load voltage ratio: 3300/433-250V, 6600/433-250V or 11000/433-250V.
The winding connection and vectors: The primary winding shall be connected in delta and the secondary
winding star Dyn11 (IS 2026 (part 4); 1977) so as to produce a positive phase displacement of 30° from
the primary to the secondary vectors of the same phase.
SPECIFICATION OF
OUTDOOR TYPE 3-PHASE
DISTRIBUTION
are
TRANSFORMER
Tapping ratings and tapping methods. The number of tapings, winding tapped i.e. primary or secondary
to be specified. The total change in voltage as percent of total voltage and percent voltage change per tap
change are to be specified. Egg. Total change in voltage is ±10% and is achieved by changing taps with
±1.5% per tap.
The transformer tank and the transformer oil shall comply with the requirements (IS 335;1983).
Standard fittings: Details pertaining to the following standard fittings shall be given.
Earthling terminals
Oil Level gauge
Lifting Lugs
Rating and terminal marking plates
OUTDOOR TYPE 3-PHASE
DISTRIBUTION
TRANSFORMER
Breather
Drain cum sampling valve (3/4 nominal size threads) preferably steel with plug.
Oil filling hole (11/4 nominal size thread) with cover (for transformers without conservator).
Terminal arrangements
Mounting arrangements
Insulation Levels
Limits of temperature rise
Losses and impedance values
Ability of transformers to withstand external short-circuit
Any other required relevant information shall be provided.