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    Gating Ratio: Choke Effect

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    Siddhant Sharma
    1. The document discusses gating ratios, which reveal whether a casting system is pressurized or unpressurized based on how the cross-sectional area changes from the sprue to runners to gates. 2. An ideal system has just enough pressure to keep feeding channels full without aspiration, and distributes metal uniformly to gates. Streamlining reduces turbulence and erosion. 3. The example is asked to design a pressurized gating system with a 2:3:1 ratio for a 111.76N cast iron part based

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    Gating Ratio: Choke Effect

    Uploaded by

    Siddhant Sharma
    443 views9 pages
    1. The document discusses gating ratios, which reveal whether a casting system is pressurized or unpressurized based on how the cross-sectional area changes from the sprue to runners to gates. 2. An ideal system has just enough pressure to keep feeding channels full without aspiration, and distributes metal uniformly to gates. Streamlining reduces turbulence and erosion. 3. The example is asked to design a pressurized gating system with a 2:3:1 ratio for a 111.76N cast iron part based

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    1. The document discusses gating ratios, which reveal whether a casting system is pressurized or unpressurized based on how the cross-sectional area changes from the sprue to runners to gates. 2. An ideal system has just enough pressure to keep feeding channels full without aspiration, and distributes metal uniformly to gates. Streamlining reduces turbulence and erosion. 3. The example is asked to design a pressurized gating system with a 2:3:1 ratio for a 111.76N cast iron part based

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    443 views9 pages

    Gating Ratio: Choke Effect

    Uploaded by

    Siddhant Sharma
    1. The document discusses gating ratios, which reveal whether a casting system is pressurized or unpressurized based on how the cross-sectional area changes from the sprue to runners to gates. 2. An ideal system has just enough pressure to keep feeding channels full without aspiration, and distributes metal uniformly to gates. Streamlining reduces turbulence and erosion. 3. The example is asked to design a pressurized gating system with a 2:3:1 ratio for a 111.76N cast iron part based

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    GATING RATIO

    • Gating ratio= a:b:c where,


    • a= cross-sectional area of sprue
    • b= cross-sectional area of runner
    • c= total cross-sectional area of ingates.
    • Gating ratio reveals-
    • whether the total cross- section decreases towards the
    mould cavity. This provides a choke effect which
    pressurizes the liquid metal in the system.
    • Whether the total cross-sectional area increases so
    that the passages remain incompletely filled. It is an
    unpressurized system.
    S.N. Pressurized gating systems Unpressurized gating systems

    1. Total cross sectional area Total cross sectional area increases


    decreases towards mold cavity towards mold cavity

    2. Gating ratio may be of the order Gating ratio may be of the order of
    of 3: 2: 1 or 2:3:1 1: 3: 2 or 1:2:3
    3. Air aspiration effect is minimum Air aspiration effect is more
    4. Volume flow of liquid from Volume flow of liquid from every
    every ingate is almost equal. ingate is different.

    5. Velocity is high, severe Velocity is low and turbulence is


    turbulence may occur at corners. reduced.
    • Ideally, in a system, pressure should be just enough to
    avoid aspiration and keep to all feeding channels full of
    liquid metal.

    Gating ratio and positions of ingates should be such that the


    liquid metal fills the mould cavity just rapidly to-
     Avoid misruns and coldshuts in thin sectioned castings.
     Reduce turbulence and mould erosion in casting of
    thicker casting.
    • The maximum liquid metal tends to flow through the
    farthest ingate.

    • For a gating ratio 1:2:4, 66% of liquid metal enters through


    gate no. 2 and only 34% does so through gate no. 1.

    • Total ingate area is reduced by making gates farthest from


    sprue of smaller cross-section so that less volume of metal
    flows through them and makes a uniform distribution of
    metal at all ingates.
    • Besides with reduced total ingate area, still more satisfactory
    result may be obtained if runner beyond each ingate is reduced
    in cross section to balance the flow in all parts of the system
    and to equalise further velocity and pressure.
    Streamlining the gating system

    Streamlining includes-

    • Removing sharp corners or junction by giving a


    generous radius.

    • Tapering the sprue.

    • Providing radius at sprue entrance and exit.


    ADVANTAGES OF STREAMLINING

    • Metal turbulence is reduced.

    • Air aspiration is avoided.

    • Mould erosion and dross are minimized.

    • Sound and clean casting are obtained.


    Numerical
    A casting made of Cast iron weighs 111.76N. This has to be done by sand
    casting method. Design a gating system for efficient metal feeding. Mould
    data available to you are as follows: -
    Parting line gate feed type ‘Pressurized’ gating system with a gating ratio
    of 2:3:1. The predominant thickness of the casting is 150mm and for the
    effective static head 250mm. Make use of tables given below for deciding
    the coefficient of discharge. The casting belongs to small size category. For
    the purpose of the time constant for pouring time, decide the average
    value applicable for this casting material from tables provided. Take
    density of cast iron as 7.8×103 kg/m3. Design the gating system for the
    sand mould to decide
    1. The dimension of the down sprue diameter,
    2. The cross sectional area of the runner,
    3. The cross sectional area of the gates.

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