Haldia Institute of Technology Presentation For Environmental Sciences (MC - 401)

HALDIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Presentation For Environmental Sciences (MC - 401)
Topic : Wastewater Treatment System
Presented by:
TECH LYNC
CONTENTS
S.NO PAGE NAME
1. Introduction
1.1 What is wastewater?
1.2 What is wastewater treatment system?
2. How does the wastewater treatment system work?
2.1 Primary treatment
2.2 Secondary treatment
2.3 Tertiary treatment
3. Conclusion
4. References
INTRODUCTION
 What is Wastewater?
Wastewater is the polluted form of water originating from domestic, industrial , agricultural, and
medical or transport activities. Used water becomes wastewater upon the change of its quality,
composition and/or temperature.
Examples: human waste, food waste (domestic waste),
Discharged water coolant, chemical effluents (industrial
waste), insecticide water (agricultural waste) etc.
Wastewater is full of contaminants such as suspended

solids, biodegradable organics, pathogenic bacteria,
chemicals, and other toxins
Its treatment aims at reducing the contaminants to acceptable levels to make the water safe for
discharge back into the environment.
 What is Wastewater Treatment System?
Wastewater treatment, also called sewage treatment is a process used to remove impurities and
contaminants from wastewater or sewage and convert it into an useful effluent that can be
returned to the water cycle with minimum impact on the environment, or directly reused.
The treatment process takes place in a wastewater
treatment plant (WWTP).
A wastewater treatment system is a system made up of a

combination of several individual processes (e.g., physical,
chemical and biological) used to treat wastewater and
remove pollutants.
How Does The Wastewater Treatment System
Work?
The following is a step by step process of how wastewater is treated:
1. Wastewater Collection
This is the first step in the wastewater treatment process. Collection systems are put in place by the
municipal administration, homeowners as well as business owners to ensure that all the wastewater
from domestic households, industrial areas, commercial establishments such as hospitals, agricultural
land etc. is collected and directed to a central point.
2. Odor Control
At the treatment plant, odor control is important. All odor sources are contained and treated using
chemicals to neutralize the foul smell producing elements.
3. Wastewater treatment generally involves 3 stages of treatment:
 Primary treatment
 Secondary treatment
 Tertiary treatment.
 Primary treatment
Primary treatment removes material that will either float or readily settle out by gravity. It includes
the physical processes of screening, comminution, grit removal, and sedimentation.
As sewage enters a plant for treatment, it flows through a screen, which removes large floating
objects such as rags and sticks that might clog pipes or damage equipment. After sewage has been
screened, it passes into a grit chamber, where cinders, sand, and small stones settle to the bottom.
A grit chamber is particularly important in communities

with combined sewer systems where sand or gravel may
wash into sewers along with storm water. After screening
is completed and grit has been removed, sewage still
contains organic and inorganic matter along with other
suspended solids.
After screening is completed and grit has been removed,

sewage still contains organic and inorganic matter along
with other suspended solids. These solids are minute particles that can be removed from sewage in a
sedimentation tank.
As the sewage flows through them slowly, the solids gradually sink to the bottom. The settled solids-
known as raw or primary sludge—are moved along the tank bottom by mechanical scrapers.
 Secondary Treatment
The secondary stage of treatment removes about
85 percent of the organic matter in sewage by making
use of the bacteria in it. Removal is usually accomplished
by biological processes in which microbes consume the
organic impurities as food, converting them into carbon
dioxide, water, and energy for their own growth and
reproduction.
After the sewage leaves the settling tank in the primary

stage, it is pumped into an aeration tank where air is
pumped continuously.
Here, it is mixed with air and sludge loaded with
bacteria which fuels the growth of bacteria that
uses oxygen and the growth of other small
microorganisms that consume the remaining
organic matter and allowed to remain for several
hours. This process leads to the production of large
particles that settle down at the bottom of the
huge tanks.
The solid matter that settles out after the primary and secondary treatment stages are directed to
digesters. During this process, methane gases are produced and there is a formation of nutrient-rich
bio-solids that are recycled and de-watered into local firms.
To complete secondary treatment, effluent from the sedimentation tank is usually disinfected with
chlorine before being discharged into receiving waters. Chlorine is fed into the water to kill pathogenic
bacteria, and to reduce odor. Done properly, chlorination will kill more than 99 percent of the harmful
bacteria in an effluent. Alternatives to chlorine disinfection, such as ultraviolet light or ozone, are also
being used in situations where chlorine in treated sewage effluents may be harmful to fish and other
aquatic life.
 Tertiary treatment
When the intended receiving water is very vulnerable to the effects of pollution, secondary
effluent may be treated further by several tertiary processes. Tertiary treatment is the final
cleaning process that improves wastewater quality before it is reused, recycled or discharged to
the environment. The treatment removes color, remaining inorganic compounds, and
substances, nutrient and toxin removal such as nitrogen and phosphorus.
There are a number of physical, chemical and
biological treatment processes that are used
for tertiary treatment. One of the biological
treatment processes is called Biological
Nutrient Removal (BNR). The BNR process
uses bacteria in different conditions in several
tanks, to digest the contaminants in water.
The BNR process can remove over 90 percent
of phosphates and the ammonia is broken
down into nitrate and nitrogen gas.
CONCLUSION
 The benefits of wastewater treatment
 Wastewater treatment ensures that the environment is kept clean, there is no pollution.
 Treating wastewater minimizes water pollution, thereby keeping us as well as other living
beings safe and healthy.
 It minimizes the need of using freshwater, thereby, saving water.
 It prevents the outbreak of waterborne diseases and ensures adequate water supply for
irrigation.
In summary, the wastewater treatment process is one of the most important environmental
conservation processes that should be encouraged worldwide.
REFERENCES
www.britannica.com
www.scincedirect.com
www.safewater.org
www.conserve-energy-future.com

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HALDIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Presentation For Environmental Sciences (MC - 401)

Topic : Wastewater Treatment System

Wastewater is full of contaminants such as suspended

 What is Wastewater Treatment System?

A wastewater treatment system is a system made up of a

A grit chamber is particularly important in communities

After screening is completed and grit has been removed,

After the sewage leaves the settling tank in the primary

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