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    Morphology:: Morphemes Vs Words, Free and Bound Morphemes, Derivational and Inflectional Morphenes

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    Aneu Damayanti
    Morphology is the study of words and how they are formed. It examines the relationship between morphemes, the smallest units of meaning, and words. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes, which can stand alone, and bound morphemes, which cannot. Bound morphemes are further divided into derivational morphemes, which change a word's meaning or class, and inflectional morphemes, which change a word's form but not its meaning or class. Examples include the change from "sing" to "singer" with a derivational morpheme and from "book" to "books" with an inflectional morpheme.

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    Morphology:: Morphemes Vs Words, Free and Bound Morphemes, Derivational and Inflectional Morphenes

    Uploaded by

    Aneu Damayanti
    58 views18 pages
    Morphology is the study of words and how they are formed. It examines the relationship between morphemes, the smallest units of meaning, and words. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes, which can stand alone, and bound morphemes, which cannot. Bound morphemes are further divided into derivational morphemes, which change a word's meaning or class, and inflectional morphemes, which change a word's form but not its meaning or class. Examples include the change from "sing" to "singer" with a derivational morpheme and from "book" to "books" with an inflectional morpheme.

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    Morphology

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    Morphology is the study of words and how they are formed. It examines the relationship between morphemes, the smallest units of meaning, and words. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes, which can stand alone, and bound morphemes, which cannot. Bound morphemes are further divided into derivational morphemes, which change a word's meaning or class, and inflectional morphemes, which change a word's form but not its meaning or class. Examples include the change from "sing" to "singer" with a derivational morpheme and from "book" to "books" with an inflectional morpheme.

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    58 views18 pages

    Morphology:: Morphemes Vs Words, Free and Bound Morphemes, Derivational and Inflectional Morphenes

    Uploaded by

    Aneu Damayanti
    Morphology is the study of words and how they are formed. It examines the relationship between morphemes, the smallest units of meaning, and words. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes, which can stand alone, and bound morphemes, which cannot. Bound morphemes are further divided into derivational morphemes, which change a word's meaning or class, and inflectional morphemes, which change a word's form but not its meaning or class. Examples include the change from "sing" to "singer" with a derivational morpheme and from "book" to "books" with an inflectional morpheme.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Morphology:

    morphemes vs words,
    free and bound morphemes, derivational
    and inflectional morphenes.
    • Felicia miranda angelica
    • Selly noviana
    • Yufan rahmat firdaus
    Morphology
    is the study of words, how they are formed, and their
    relationship to other words in the same language.
    _
    In
      this way, morphology is the branch of linguistics
    that studies patterns of word formation within and
    across languages and attempts to formulate rules
    that model the knowledge of the speakers of those
    languages.
    Morpheme vs word
    A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in a language. A
    morpheme is not necessarily the same as a word.
    The main difference between a morpheme and a word is that a
    morpheme sometimes does not stand alone, but a word, by
    definition, always stands alone.

    -------
    Example of morpheme
    • One morpheme : boy (one syllable) desire, lady, water (two syllable)
    crocodile ( three syllable) salamader ( four syllable) or more syllable
    • Two morpheme : boy + ish =kekanak-kanakan , desire + able =diinginkan
    • Three morpheme : boy + ish + ness =sifat kekanak-kanakan, desire + able
    + ity =keinginan
    • Four morpheme : gentle + man + li + ness= keramahan, un + desire + able
    + ity= tidak diinginkan
    • More than four : un + gentle + man + li + ness= tidak sopan, anti + dis +
    establish + ment + ari + an + ism= anti pembubaran
    I bet you are happy now. Bet = 1 morpheme 1
    syllable
    I do not know all the words of the English
    language. Words = 2 morpheme 1 syllable.
    Words is 1 syllable and s is 0 syllable.
    --------
    • Every morpheme can be classified as either free or
    bound. Since the categories are mutually exclusive, a
    given morpheme will belong to exactly one of them.
    Classification of
    morpheme
    ----------------
    Free morpheme (bebas)
    Free morpheme can stand alone with a specific
    meaning, does not have to be combined with other
    morphemes. E.g. dog, gentle, picture, , eat, date,
    weak, etc
    Bound morphemes ---
    bound morphemes cannot stand alone with meaning. Bound morphemes
    appear only as parts of words, always in conjunction with a root and
    sometimes with other bound morphemes.
    For example, un- appears only accompanied by other
    morphemes to form a word. Most bound morphemes in
    English are affixes, particularly prefixes and suffixes.
    Examples of suffixes are -tion, -sion, -tive, -ation, -ible, and
    -ing. Bound morphemes that are not affixed are called
    cranberry morphemes.
    ------------
    Classification of bound morpheme

    Bound morphemes can be further classified as derivational or


    inflectional morphemes. The main difference between derivational
    morphemes and inflectional morphemes is their function in
    relation to words.
    ---------
    Derivational morphemes (turunan )

    Derivational morphemes, when combined with a root, change the


    semantic meaning or the part of speech of the affected word.

    For example, in the word happiness, the addition of the bound


    morpheme -ness to the root happy changes the word from an adjective
    (happy) to a noun (happiness).
    In the word unkind, un- functions as a derivational morpheme since it
    inverts the meaning of the root morpheme (word) kind. Generally,
    morphemes that affix (i.e., affixes) to a root morpheme (word) are
    bound morphemes.
    Example of derivational
    Example : “Sing”(Verb) and “Singer” (Noun) it
    changes the meaning of words and word class.

    “Kind “ (Adjective) and “Unkind” (Adjective) it still


    adjective but has a contrasting meaning
    Inflectional morphemes. (pembentukan kata
    baru)
    Inflectional morphemes modify the tense, aspect, mood, person, or
    number of a verb, or the number, gender, or case of a noun,
    adjective, or pronoun, without affecting the word's meaning or
    class (part of speech). Examples of applying inflectional
    morphemes to words are adding -s to the root dog to form dogs, or
    adding -ed to wait to form waited. An inflectional morpheme
    changes the form of a word.
    Example of inflectional morphemes
    “Book” = “Books” they still have the same meaning and
    both still noun but “Book” is single and “Books” are
    plural.

    “Study” = “Studies” “Studied” and “Studying” although


    it changes words but does not change meaning and
    remains a verb
    • Morphem is a smallest meaningful unit of language. Morpheme sometimes
    doesn’t stand alone.
    • Morpheme divided into two types: free and bound morpheme
    • Free morpheme can stand alone and have a spesific meaning. Example:
    happy, desire.
    • Bound morpheme divided into two types: derivational and inflectional
    morpheme.
    • The inflectional morpheme changes the word class but does not change the
    meaning of the word. Example: pencil and pencils, sing and singing
    • The derivational morpheme change the meaning of the word and sometimes
    change the class of words. Example : friendly and unfriendly, dance and
    dancer.
    -------------------------

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