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    Process Costing: © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All Rights Reserved

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    Process Costing: © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All Rights Reserved

    Uploaded by

    Gesa
    31 views33 pages

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    Chapter 17final

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    31 views33 pages

    Process Costing: © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All Rights Reserved

    Uploaded by

    Gesa

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 33

    Process Costing

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Job-Costing Systems Process-Costing
    Systems
    Distinct, identifiable
    units of a product Masses of identical
    or service or similar units of a
    product or service
    Examples:
    Custom-made Examples:
    machines, Food,
    Houses Chemical processing

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Process-Costing
    Process-costing is a system where the unit cost of a
    product or service is obtained by assigning total
    costs to many identical or similar units
    Each unit receives the same or similar amounts of
    direct materials costs, direct labor costs, and
    manufacturing overhead
    Unit costs are computed by dividing total costs
    incurred by the number of units of output from the
    production process

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Process-Costing Assumptions
    Direct Materials are added at the beginning of the
    production process, or at the start of work in a
    subsequent department down the assembly line
    Conversion Costs are added equally along the
    production process

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Five-Step Process-Costing Allocation
    1. Ringkaslah arus unit fisik output
    2. Hitung unit ekuivalen
    3. Hitung biaya per unit ekuivalen
    4. Hitung total biaya
    5. Bebankan total biaya ke dalam produk jadi dan
    produk dalam proses akhir

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Equivalent Units
     A derived amount of output units that:
    1. Takes the quantity of each input in units completed
    and in unfinished units of work in process and
    2. converts the quantity of input into the amount of
    completed output units that could be produced with
    that quantity of input
     Are calculated separately for each input (direct
    materials and conversion cost)

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Soal
    PADA BULAN FEBRUARI 2015 DI PERUSAHAAN XYZ DIKETAHUI
    TIDAK ADA PRODUK DALAM PROSES AWAL, PRODUK MASUK
    PROSES SEBANYAK 400 UNIT, PRODUK JADI 175 UNIT, DAN
    SISANYA MASIH DALAM PROSES DENGAN TINGKAT
    PENYELESAIAN BBB 100% DAN BIAYA KONVERSI 60%.

    ADAPUN BIAYA-BIAYA YANG TERJADI SELAMA BULAN FEBRUARI


    ADALAH
    BBB $ 32 000
    BIAYA KONVERSI $ 18.600
    ATAS DASAR DATA TERSEBUT BUATLAH LAPORAN HARGA POKOK
    PRODUKSI UNTUK PERUSAHAAN INI.

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Steps 1 & 2 Illustrated

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Steps 3, 4 & 5, Illustrated

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    General Ledger Cost Flows
    Illustrated

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Weighted-Average
    Process-Costing Method
    Calculates cost per equivalent unit of all work done to
    date (regardless of the accounting period in which it
    was done)
    Assigns this cost to equivalent units completed &
    transferred out of the process, and to incomplete
    units in still in-process

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Weighted-Average
    Process-Costing Method
    Weighted-average costs is the total of all costs in the
    Work-in-Process Account divided by the total
    equivalent units of work done to date
    The beginning balance of the Work-in-Process
    account (work done in a prior period) is blended in
    with current period costs

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Diketahui Produk dalam proses awal sebanyak 225 unit dengan tingkat
    penyelesaian bahan langsung 100% dan biaya konversi 60%

    Produk masuk proses bulan ini 275 unit

    Pada akhir bulan diketahui produk jadi berjumlah 400 unit dan produk
    masih dalam proses akhir berjumlah 100 unit dengan tingkat
    penyelesaian bahan langsung 100% dan biaya konversi 50%.

    Biaya yang melekat pada produk dalam proses awal terdiri dari biaya
    bahan $18.000 dan biaya konversi $8.100, sedangkan biaya yang
    ditambahkan pada periode sekarang adalah:
    Bahan langsung $ 19.800
    Biaya konversi $ 16.380

    Atas dasar data tersebut buatlah laporan harga pokok produksi

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Steps 1 & 2 Illustrated

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Steps 3, 4 & 5 Illustrated

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Result of the Process
     Two critical figures arise out of Step Five of the cost
    allocation process:
    1. The amount of the Journal Entry transferring the
    allocated cost of units completed and sent from
    Work-in-Process Inventory to Finished Goods
    Inventory
    2. The ending balance of the Work-in-Process
    Inventory account that will appear on the Balance
    Sheet

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    First-in, First-Out
    Process-Costing Method
    Assigns the cost of the previous accounting period’s
    equivalent units in beginning work-in-process
    inventory to the first units completed and
    transferred out of the process
    Assigns the cost of equivalent units worked on
    during the current period first to complete
    beginning inventory, next to stat and complete new
    units, and lastly to units in ending work-in-process
    inventory

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    First-in, First-Out
    Process-Costing Method
    The beginning balance of the Work-in-Process
    account (work done in a prior period) is kept separate
    from current period costs

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Diketahui Produk dalam proses awal sebanyak 225 unit dengan tingkat
    penyelesaian bahan langsung 100% dan biaya konversi 60%

    Produk masuk proses bulan ini 275 unit

    Pada akhir bulan diketahui produk jadi berjumlah 400 unit dan produk
    masih dalam proses akhir berjumlah 100 unit dengan tingkat
    penyelesaian bahan langsung 100% dan biaya konversi 50%.

    Biaya yang melekat pada produk dalam proses awal terdiri dari biaya
    bahan $18.000 dan biaya konversi $8.100, sedangkan biaya yang
    ditambahkan pada periode sekarang adalah:
    Bahan langsung $ 19.800
    Biaya konversi $ 16.380

    Atas dasar data tersebut buatlah laporan harga pokok produksi

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Steps 1 & 2, Illustrated

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Steps 3, 4 & 5, Illustrated

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Result of the Process (as before)
     Two critical figures arise out of Step Five of the cost
    allocation process:
    1. The amount of the Journal Entry transferring the
    allocated cost of units completed and sent from
    Work-in-Process Inventory to Finished Goods
    Inventory
    2. The ending balance of the Work-in-Process
    Inventory account that will appear on the Balance
    Sheet

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Standard Costing and
    Process Costing
    Teams of design and process engineers, operations
    personnel, and management accountants work
    together to determine separate standard costs per
    equivalent unit on the basis of different technical
    processing specifications for each product
    Standard costs replace actual costs in equivalent unit
    calculations

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Steps 1 & 2, Illustrated

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Steps 3, 4 & 5, Illustrated

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    General Ledger Cost Flows Illustrated

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Transferred-in Costs
    Are costs incurred in previous departments that are
    carried forward as the products cost when it moves
    to a subsequent process in the production cycle
    Also called Previous Department Costs
    Journal entries are made to mirror the progress in
    production from department to department
    Transferred-in costs are treated as if they are a
    separate type of direct material added at the
    beginning of the process

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Steps 1 & 2, Illustrated

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Steps 3, 4 & 5, Illustrated

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Steps 1 & 2, Illustrated

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Steps 3, 4 & 5, Illustrated

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    Hybrid Costing Systems
    A Hybrid-Costing System blends characteristics from
    both job-costing and process-costing systems
    Many actual production systems are in fact hybrids
    Examples include manufacturers of televisions,
    dishwashers and washing machines, as well as Adidas

    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.


    © 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

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