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    Introduction To Psychology

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    Céline Aanani
    This document provides an introduction to psychology. It defines psychology as the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes, with the goals of describing, predicting, explaining, and controlling or changing behavior. Psychologists study topics like cognition, emotion, development, and social behavior. There are many areas of specialization within psychology. The document discusses the history of psychology, including early approaches like structuralism, functionalism, and natural selection theory. It outlines careers in psychology and provides examples of areas like clinical, industrial/organizational, and health psychology.

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    Introduction To Psychology

    Uploaded by

    Céline Aanani
    790 views12 pages
    This document provides an introduction to psychology. It defines psychology as the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes, with the goals of describing, predicting, explaining, and controlling or changing behavior. Psychologists study topics like cognition, emotion, development, and social behavior. There are many areas of specialization within psychology. The document discusses the history of psychology, including early approaches like structuralism, functionalism, and natural selection theory. It outlines careers in psychology and provides examples of areas like clinical, industrial/organizational, and health psychology.

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    Introduction to Psychology

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    This document provides an introduction to psychology. It defines psychology as the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes, with the goals of describing, predicting, explaining, and controlling or changing behavior. Psychologists study topics like cognition, emotion, development, and social behavior. There are many areas of specialization within psychology. The document discusses the history of psychology, including early approaches like structuralism, functionalism, and natural selection theory. It outlines careers in psychology and provides examples of areas like clinical, industrial/organizational, and health psychology.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    790 views12 pages

    Introduction To Psychology

    Uploaded by

    Céline Aanani
    This document provides an introduction to psychology. It defines psychology as the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes, with the goals of describing, predicting, explaining, and controlling or changing behavior. Psychologists study topics like cognition, emotion, development, and social behavior. There are many areas of specialization within psychology. The document discusses the history of psychology, including early approaches like structuralism, functionalism, and natural selection theory. It outlines careers in psychology and provides examples of areas like clinical, industrial/organizational, and health psychology.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that psychology is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. It seeks to understand human behavior, thoughts, and feelings through both scientific research and practical applications.

    The four goals of psychology according to the text are: 1) Describe, 2) Predict, 3) Explain behavior, 4) Controlling/changing behavior.

    The four attitudes of psychology discussed in the text are: 1) Critical thinking, 2) Skepticism, 3) Curiosity, 4) Objectivity.

    Introduction to

    Psychology
    Psychology – “Deserve It”

    Session 2 – 22/02/2021

    Michelle Shukri
     Defining Psychology
    - The psychological frame of mind
    - Psychology as the science of all human behavior

     What Psychologists do
    -
    -
    Careers in psychology
    Areas of specialization
     Psychology in Historical
    Perspective
     Contemporary Approaches to - Wundt’s structuralism
    Psychology - James’s functionalism
    - Darwin’s natural selection
    7 different approaches
     The Science of Psychology and
    Health and Wellness
    - How mind impacts the body
    - How the body impacts the mind
    What is
    Psychology?
    What do you think?
    What is
    Psychology?
    ● Seeks to understand the truths of human life in all its dimensions including
    people’s best and worst experiences
    ● Scientific study of human behavior and mental processes

    ● Behavior: everything we can do that be directly observed


    ● Mental processes: the thoughts, feelings, and motives that each of us
    experiences privately but that cannot be observed directly
    1. Describe
    4 Goals of 2. Predict
    Psychology 3. Explain behavior
    4. Controlling/changing
    behavior (using
    scientific method to
    4 Attitudes of Psychology examine interventions)
    1. Critical thinking: reflecting deeply and actively, asking questions,
    evaluating evidence  how?
    2. Skepticism: challenging whether a supposed fact is true or not 
    pseudoscience: information couched in scientific terminology but is
    not supported by scientific research
    3. Curiosity (debate and controversy)  why?
    4. Objectivity  empirical method: gaining knowledge through the
    observation events, the collection of data and logical reasoning
    Careers in Psychology
    What do you think?
    Careers in
    Psychology

    - Undergraduate training: use expertise in human resources and business consulting and
    doing casework for individuals struggling with psychological disorders

    - Graduate training: working as therapists and counselors, researchers and teachers in


    universities and as business consultants and marketing researchers

    - Clinical psychologist vs. psychiatrist

    - Clinical practice & research  Evidence-based practice


    Areas of Specialization (56
    divisions in APA)

    ● Physiological psychology ● Industrial and organizational pscyhology (personnel


    ● Behavioral neuroscience psychology)
    ● Sensation and perception ● Clinical and counseling psychology (psychopathology)
    ● Learning ● Health psychology
    ● Cognitive psychology ● Community psychology
     experimental psychologists ● School and educational psychology
    ● Motivation and emotion ● Environmental psychology
    ● Psychology and women and gender ● Forensice psychology
    ● Developmental psychology ● Sport psychology
    ● Social psychology ● Cross-cultural psychology
    Psychology in Historical Perspective
    Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

    • Most of the human behavior is caused by dark,


    unpleasant, unconscious impulses clamoring for
    expression.
    • “I have found little that is ‘good’ about human
    beings on the whole. In my experience, most of
    them are trash”.
    • Sexual life is the basis of all the processes of the
    individual’s life.
    • Unconsciousness: forgetting, lapse, dreams,
    hallucination…
    • The personality theory: Id, ego, superego
    Psychology in Historical Perspective
    Wilhem Wundt (1832-1920)

    • Time lag experiment: measuring the time it took the human


    brain and nervous system to translate information into action.
    • WHAT is the mind is
    • Structuralism: identifying the structures of the human mind
    and discovering the basic elements of mental processes through
    introspection relying on the person’s conscious self-reflection by
    focusing on our own thoughts.
    • 3 mental functioning: thoughts, images and feelings
    Psychology in Historical Perspective
    William James (1842-1910)

    • What the mind is vs. that the mind is for


    • Functionalism: functions and purposes of the mind and
    the behavior in the individual’s adaptation to the
    environment.
    • WHY the mind is the way it is
    • Mind is rigid vs. flexible and fluid  constant change in
    the response to a continuous flow of information from the
    world “stream of consciousness”.
    Psychology in Historical Perspective
    Darwin’s Natural Selection

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