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Bridges: English For Civil Engineering

Bridges are structures that allow movement over obstacles. They can be made of materials like wood, masonry, concrete and steel. There are different types of bridges including those for highways, railroads, waterways, and people or animals. Bridges must be designed to support both permanent and moving loads without failure according to various engineering standards and considerations like geometry, structural systems, safety, and cost.

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11 views13 pages

Bridges: English For Civil Engineering

Bridges are structures that allow movement over obstacles. They can be made of materials like wood, masonry, concrete and steel. There are different types of bridges including those for highways, railroads, waterways, and people or animals. Bridges must be designed to support both permanent and moving loads without failure according to various engineering standards and considerations like geometry, structural systems, safety, and cost.

Uploaded by

BANG MAN
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bridges

English for Civil Engineering


Definition
 Bridges are structures to facilitate motion of
people, animals or materials over natural or
artificial obstacles. Bridges can be made of
wood, masonry, concrete and steel.
Types of Bridges
 Supported services or installations
 Bridges for natural accidents
Supported services or installations

Use for :
 highways,
 railroads,
 channels or aqueducts,
 as path for people or cattle,
 Transportation of goods
 As atubing support
Bridges for natural accidents

Use for
 Highways
 Railroads
 Bays
 Lakes
 River
 Valleys
 So on
Basic geometry
 Bridges used at a ground level, can be curved,
straight, L-shaped, square and protractile; at
elevated height (which can be of low level like
the ones constructed over swampy terrain), trestle
bridges and high-level bridges.
Structural systems
 Continuous girder bridges, arched bridges (which
can be composed of one or multiple arches),
hanging bridges and steel-armor-plated bridges.
Design Considerations
 based on specific standards for highway bridges of the American Association State
Highway and Transportation Official (AASHTO), the manual for Railway Engineering
published by the American Railway Engineering Association (AREA), standard plans
for highway bridges, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and other rules and
regulations published by several highway administrations and railroad companies.
 The length, width, alignment and intersecting angles for bridges should satisfy the
functioning needs of the installations to be built.
 The geometric requirements, hydraulic specifications, selection of structural systems
and construction materials, safety standards, esthetics, economical aspects and, ease
for operation and maintenance are other important factors to take into consideration.
 Highway bridges should be of a smooth asphalt surfaces with sufficient drainage.
Both the longitude slope and the cross section are subject to similar restrictions as for
those used for open highways. Long bridges must be supplied with an adequate
lighting, signs and service, andemergency stations. The protective railings should keep
vehicles within the bridge and if necessary, away from pedestrians. Installations over
or under bridges should be able to absorb both expansions or contractions of the
structure.
 Most of railroad bridges require a gravel beam
between structure and rails as is shown in figure
XI.1 to absorb vertical movements.
Design Loads

Bridges should support the following loads without


failures:
 Dead Loads

- They include permanent installations.


 Live Loads

-These are caused by the vehicles, animals or


people crossing over bridges and hydraulic, and so
on.
Vocabulary
 Alignment  Path
 Arch  Pedestrians
 Away  Protractile
 Bays  railing
 Cattle  railway
 Contraction  signs
 Curved
 slope
 Ease
 Expansion
 Smooth
 Height
 straight
 Lighting
 swampy
 Movable  Tubing
 obstacle  valleys
Vocabulary
 continuous girder bridge
 gravel beam
 hanging bridge
 intersecting angle
 L-shaped
 steel-armor-plated bridge
 trestle bridge
Have a nice day...

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