GEC 2 - Readings in Philippine History

GEC 2 – Readings in
Philippine History
Topic 1: The Philippines: Its Land and People – General Information
About the Philippines
The Philippines
• Official Name: Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng
Pilipinas)
• An archipelago consisting of 7,107 islands and islets,
categorically broadly under three main geographical divisions:
Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao
• The largest islands are Luzon, Mindanao, Panay, Palawan,
Samar, Negros and Mindoro
• Northern most point is Y’ami Isle, while the southernmost point
is Saluag Isle
Location
• Absolute Location: between 4o and 21o North latitudes and 116o
and 127o East longitudes
• Relative Location: southeast portion of the continent of Asia
• Boundaries: countries sharing borders with the Philippines:

Taiwan, Vietnam, Palau, Indonesia, Malaysia
Location
• Area: Total area is 300,000 km2
• Population:
• Climate: Tropical Climate

 Affected by southwest monsoon winds from May-October and
northeast monsoon winds from November-February
 Two main seasons: wet and dry. Dry season begins in December and
ends in May. The rest of the year is rainy or wet.
• Currency: Philippine Peso (P) (piso) (PHP)
• Time zone: PST (UTC +8)
• Calling Code: +63
• Internet TLD: .ph

Administrative Divisions
• The Philippines is divided into the National Capital Region, 13
administrative regions, and two autonomous regions (CAR and
ARMM)
• NCR or Metro Manila is the political, economic and cultural

center. The seat of government, the mass media and top-
performing schools, colleges and universities and vital
industries are located here.
Regions in Luzon
• Region 1 – Ilocos Region

• Region 2 – Cagayan Valley Region
• Region 3 – Central Luzon
• Region 4A – CALABARZON
• Region 4B – MIMAROPA
• Region 5 – Bicol Region
Regions in Visayas and Mindanao
• Region 6 – Western Visayas
• Region 7 – Central Visayas
• Region 8 – Eastern Visayas
• Region 9 – Zamboanga Peninsula
• Region 10 – Northern Mindanao
• Region 11 – Davao Region
• Region 12 – SOCCSKSARGEN
• Region 13 – CARAGA
Autonomous Regions
• Autonomous Region of Muslim
Mindanao (ARMM)
 Basilan
 Lanao del Sur
 Maguindanao
 Sulu
 Tawi-Tawi
Autonomous Regions
• Cordillera Administrative Region
(CAR)
 Apayao
 Abra
 Benguet
 Ifugao
 Kalinga
National Capital Region
• Las Piñas City • Caloocan City
• Manila City • Malabon
• Makati City • Navotas
• Mandaluyong City • Pasay City
• Marikina City • Pateros
• Muntinlupa City • Quezon City
• Parañaque City • San Juan City
• Valenzuela • Taguig City
Physical Features of the Country
• Mountain Ranges
• Volcanoes and Earthquakes
• River and Fluvial Systems
• Coastlines
• Flat Areas
Theories on the Origin of the
Philippines
• Land Bridges Theory – the Philippines was once part of

Mainland Asia
• The Philippines is of Volcanic Origin
• Remnant of a Lost Continent Theory – this continent sank

during the prehistoric era
Theories on the Origin of the Filipino
People
• Wave Migration Theory – Proposed by Dr. Henry Otley Beyer

in 1947
• F. Landa Jocano’s Theory – Philippine society developed on a

single unitary system
• Solheim’s Theory – Proposed by William Solheim II in 1981. A

revision of Jocano’s Theory
The Filipino People
• Christian Filipinos
• Muslim Filipinos
• Indigenous Filipinos – about 9% of the Filipino population
• Chinese Filipinos – (1-2% of the population)

Filipino Traits and Values
1. Warm, Friendly and Intimate People
2. Caring and Sharing People
3. Family Centered
4. Highly Spiritual
5. Amor Propio (“Self Love”)
6. Pakikisama
7. Sensitivity to Personal Affront (Feeling of Hiya)
8. Euphemism (I’ll see, I’ll try)
9. Cleanliness
Filipino Traits and Values
10. Propensity for Gambling
11. Extravagance
12. Hospitality
13. Respect for Elders
14. Fatalism – leaving to fate or destiny
15. Loyalty to a Friend or Benefactor
16. Tendency to be Indolent
17. Individualism or Kanya-kanya syndrome
18. Lack of initiation
19. Regionalism

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GEC 2 – Readings in

• Relative Location: southeast portion of the continent of Asia

• Boundaries: countries sharing borders with the Philippines:

• Climate: Tropical Climate

• Time zone: PST (UTC +8)

• Calling Code: +63

• Internet TLD: .ph

• NCR or Metro Manila is the political, economic and cultural

• Region 1 – Ilocos Region

• Land Bridges Theory – the Philippines was once part of

• The Philippines is of Volcanic Origin

• Remnant of a Lost Continent Theory – this continent sank

• Wave Migration Theory – Proposed by Dr. Henry Otley Beyer

• F. Landa Jocano’s Theory – Philippine society developed on a

• Solheim’s Theory – Proposed by William Solheim II in 1981. A

• Indigenous Filipinos – about 9% of the Filipino population

• Chinese Filipinos – (1-2% of the population)

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