ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA Final Project For Final Sem
ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA Final Project For Final Sem
ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA Final Project For Final Sem
ALGEBRA
ALGEBRAIC EQUATION
1. 5³ ×5⁶
= (5 × 5 × 5) × (5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5)
= 53+6, [here the exponents are added]
= 5⁹
2. (-7)10 × (-7)¹²
= [(-7) × (-7) × (-7) × (-7) × (-7) × (-7) × (-7) × (-7) × (-7) × (-7)] × [( -7) × (-7)
× (-7) × (-7) × (-7) × (-7) × (-7) × (-7) × (-7) × (-7) × (-7) × (-7)].
= (-7)10+12, [Exponents are added]
= (-7)²²
LAWS OF LOGARITHMS
The exponent or power to which a base
must be raised to yield a given number.
Expressed mathematically, x is the
logarithm of n to the base b if b x = n, in
which case one writes x = log b n. For
example, 23 = 8; therefore, 3 is the
logarithm of 8 to base 2, or 3 = log2 8.
EXAMPLE #1
1. Solve the following equation.
log4(x2−2x)=log4(5x−12)
x2−2x=5x−12
x2−7x+12=0
(x−3)(x−4)=0→x=3,x=4
log4((3)2−2(3))=log4(5(3)−12)
log4(3)=log4(3)OKAY
log4((4)2−2(4))=log4(5(4)−12)
log4(8)=log4(8)OKAY
We already have zero on one side of the equation, which we need to proceed
with this problem. Therefore, all we need to do is actually factor the
quadratic.
(u+2)(u−7)=0
Step 2
Now all we need to do is use the zero factor property to get,
u+2=0, u=−2 OR u−7=0, u=7
Therefore the two solutions are : u = − 2 and u = 7
CUBIC AND HIGHER EQUATIONS
the general form of a cubic function is:
f (x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx1 + d.
the cubic equation has the form of ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0, where a, b
and c are the coefficients and d is the constant.
The traditional way of solving a cubic equation is to reduce it to a
quadratic equation and then solve it either by factoring or quadratic
formula.
Like a quadratic equation has two real roots, a cubic equation may
have possibly three real roots. But unlike a quadratic equation, which
may have no real solution, a cubic equation has at least one real root.
EXAMPLES:
1. Determine the roots of the cubic equation 2x3 + 3x2 – 11x – 6 = 0
SULOTION:
Since d = 6, then the possible factors are 1, 2, 3 and 6.
Now apply the Factor Theorem to check the possible values by trial and error.
f (1) = 2 + 3 – 11 – 6 ≠ 0
f (–1) = –2 + 3 + 11 – 6 ≠ 0
f (2) = 16 + 12 – 22 – 6 = 0
Hence, x = 2 is the first root.
We can get the other roots of the equation using synthetic division method.
= (x – 2) (ax2 + bx + c)
= (x – 2) (2x2 + bx + 3)
= (x – 2) (2x2 + 7x + 3)
= (x – 2) (2x + 1) (x +3)
Therefore, the solutions are x = 2, x = -1/2 and x = -3.
2. Find the roots of the cubic equation x3 − 6x2 + 11x – 6 = 0
Solution:
x3 − 6x2 + 11x – 6
(x – 1) is one of the factors.
By dividing x3 − 6x2 + 11x – 6 by (x – 1),
⟹ (x – 1) (x2 – 5x + 6) = 0
⟹ (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) = 0
This of the cubic equation solutions are x = 1, x = 2 and x = 3.
Q and A
QUESTIONS:
1. solve this equation. 4+2+x=8
2. Find the exponents of 10 ⁵ ÷ 10 ³ = (10) 5/ (10) 3
3. Solve the following equation. Log2(x+1)-log2(2-x)=3
4. Solve the following quadratic equation by
factoring. 6w2−w=5
5. Solve the cubic equation of x3 – 23x2 + 142x – 120
ANSWERS AND SOLUTIONS
1. Solution
6+x=8
6+x-6=8−6
x=2
2. Solution
10 ⁵ ÷ 10 ³ = (10) 5/ (10) 3
= (10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10)/ (10 x 10 x 10)
= 10 5 – 3
= 10 2
3. Solution
= log2(x+1)-log2(2-x)=3
Log (x+1)/(x-x)=3
x+1/2−x = 2^3= 8
X+1/2-x = 8
X+1=8(2-x)=16-8x
9x=15 or 15/9= 5/3
X= 5/3
4. Solution:
= 6w2−w−5=0
= (6w+5)(w−1)=0
= 6w + 5= 0, w= -5/6 or w -1 = 0, w = 1
Therefore the two solutions are : w = −5/6 and w = 1 w
5. Solution:
x3 – 23x2 + 142x – 120 = (x – 1) (x2 – 22x + 120)
x2 – 22x + 120 = x2 – 12x – 10x + 120
= x (x – 12) – 10(x – 12)
= (x – 12) (x – 10)
Therefore, x3 – 23x2 + 142x – 120 = (x – 1) (x – 10) (x – 12)