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The Role of Energy in Forming Chemical Bonds

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Faizan Khan

Energy is released when atoms bond together to form compounds because the bonded atoms have lower energy than the individual atoms. The amount of energy released is known as the bond energy. Stronger bonds require more energy to break and have higher bond energies. Bond order and bond length are inversely related - higher bond order means shorter bond length and higher bond energy. Exothermic reactions release energy when bonds form in the products, while endothermic reactions absorb energy to form bonds in the products.

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The Role of Energy in Forming Chemical Bonds

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Faizan Khan
40 views10 pages
Energy is released when atoms bond together to form compounds because the bonded atoms have lower energy than the individual atoms. The amount of energy released is known as the bond energy. Stronger bonds require more energy to break and have higher bond energies. Bond order and bond length are inversely related - higher bond order means shorter bond length and higher bond energy. Exothermic reactions release energy when bonds form in the products, while endothermic reactions absorb energy to form bonds in the products.

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Energy is released when atoms bond together to form compounds because the bonded atoms have lower energy than the individual atoms. The amount of energy released is known as the bond energy. Stronger bonds require more energy to break and have higher bond energies. Bond order and bond length are inversely related - higher bond order means shorter bond length and higher bond energy. Exothermic reactions release energy when bonds form in the products, while endothermic reactions absorb energy to form bonds in the products.

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© All Rights Reserved
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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40 views10 pages

The Role of Energy in Forming Chemical Bonds

Uploaded by

Faizan Khan
Energy is released when atoms bond together to form compounds because the bonded atoms have lower energy than the individual atoms. The amount of energy released is known as the bond energy. Stronger bonds require more energy to break and have higher bond energies. Bond order and bond length are inversely related - higher bond order means shorter bond length and higher bond energy. Exothermic reactions release energy when bonds form in the products, while endothermic reactions absorb energy to form bonds in the products.

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The role of energy in

forming chemical
bonds
Presented By:
Omama Usman
Bond Energy

 Atoms bond together to form compounds because in doing so they attain lower energies
than they possess as individual atoms.
 A quantity of energy, equal to the difference between the energies of the bonded atoms
and the energies of the separated atoms, is released, usually as heat.
 When atoms combine to make a compound, energy is always given off, and the
compound has a lower overall energy.
 Energy is always required to break a bond, which is known as bond energy. While the
concept may seem simple, bond energy serves a very important purpose in describing
the structure and characteristics of a molecule. 
For example, the bonds of two water molecules are broken to form hydrogen and oxygen.
2H2O→2H2+O2
Bond order and Bond length

 When a bond is strong, there is a higher bond energy because it takes more energy to
break a strong bond.
 This correlates with bond order and bond length.
Bond order is the number of chemical bonds between a pair of atoms and indicates the
stability of a bond.  
Bond length is defined as the distance between the centers of two covalently bonded atoms.
The length of the bond is determined by the number of bonded electrons (the bond order).
 Bond order and length are inversely proportional to each other: when bond order is
increased, bond length is decreased.
 If the bond order is zero, the molecule cannot form. The higher bond orders indicate
greater stability for the new molecule.
 A high bond order indicates more attraction between electrons. A higher bond order
also means that the atoms are held together more tightly. With a lower bond order, there
is less attraction between electrons and this causes the atoms to be held together more
loosely.
 Bond order also indicates the stability of the bond. The higher the bond order, the more
electrons holding the atoms together, and therefore the greater the stability.
Trends in the Periodic Table
Bond order increases across a period and decreases down a group.
Hence:
“When the Bond order is higher, bond length is shorter, and the shorter the bond length
means a greater the Bond Energy because of increased electric attraction. In general, the
shorter the bond length, the greater the bond energy”.
And
“When a chemical reaction occurs, the atoms in the reactants rearrange their chemical
bonds to make products. The new arrangement of bonds does not have the same total
energy as the bonds in the reactants. Therefore, when chemical reactions occur, there will
always be an accompanying energy change”.
Exothermic and endothermic reactions:

 In some reactions, the energy of the products is lower than the energy of the reactants.
Thus, in the course of the reaction, the substances lose energy to the surrounding
environment. Such reactions are exothermic and can be represented by an energy-level
diagram in Figure 1 (left).
 In most cases, the energy is given off as heat (although a few reactions give off energy
as light). In chemical reactions where the products have a higher energy than the
reactants, the reactants must absorb energy from their environment to react. These
reactions are endothermic and can be represented by an energy-level diagrams like
Figure 1 (right).
Figure 1: (left) Exothermic Reactions. For an exothermic chemical reaction, energy is given off as reactants are
converted to products. (right) Endothermic Reactions. For an endothermic chemical reaction, energy is absorbed as
reactants are converted to products.
“Energy is released to generate bonds, which is why the enthalpy change for breaking
bonds is positive. Energy is required to break bonds. Atoms are much happier when they
are "married" and release energy because it is easier and more stable to be in a
relationship . The enthalpy change is negative because the system is releasing energy when
forming bond”.

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