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Social Psychology by David G. Myers 9 Edition: Social Beliefs and Judgments

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91 views22 pages

Social Psychology by David G. Myers 9 Edition: Social Beliefs and Judgments

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Moieen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Social Beliefs and Judgments

CHAPTER 3

Social Psychology
by David G. Myers 9th Edition

Social Beliefs and Judgments

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


Explaining Our Social World
Social Beliefs and Judgments

• Attributing Causality: To the Person or the


Situation
– Misattribution: construing unreal situation
– Attribution Theory: The theory of how people
explain each others’ behavior;
• Dispositional vs. situational attributions
– Inferring traits: sentences
– Commonsense attributions
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Attribution Theories
Social Beliefs and Judgments

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


The Fundamental Attribution Error
Social Beliefs and Judgments

• Why do we make this


error?
– Perspective and self-
awareness
– Cultural differences
• Why we study
attribution errors

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


The Fundamental Attribution Error
Social Beliefs and Judgments

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


The Fundamental Attribution Error
Social Beliefs and Judgments

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


Attributions and Reactions
Social Beliefs and Judgments

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


Expectations of Our Social World
Social Beliefs and Judgments

• Self-Fulfilling
Prophecy
• Teacher Expectations
and Student
Performance
• Getting from Others
What We Expect
– Behavioral
confirmation
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
Social Beliefs and Judgments

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


Perceiving Our Social Worlds
Social Beliefs and Judgments

• Priming • Constructing
• Perceiving and Memories of
Interpreting Events Ourselves and Our
Worlds
• Belief Perseverance
– Misinformation effect
– Reconstructing our
past attitudes
– Reconstructing our
past behavior

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


Perception of Media Bias
Social Beliefs and Judgments

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


Judging Our Social World
Social Beliefs and Judgments

• Intuitive Judgments
– Powers of intuition
– Limits of intuition
• Overconfidence
– Overconfidence phenomenon
– Confirmation bias
– Remedies

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


Judging Our Social World
Social Beliefs and Judgments

• Heuristics: Mental Shortcuts


– Representativeness heuristic
– The availability heuristic
– Counterfactual thinking

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


Judging Our Social World
Social Beliefs and Judgments

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


Judging Others
Social Beliefs and Judgments

• Illusory thinking
– Illusory correlation
– Illusion of control
• Moods and judgment

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


Moods and Judgment
Social Beliefs and Judgments

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


Moods and Judgment
Social Beliefs and Judgments

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


Social Beliefs and Judgments

Supplemental Slides

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


Attribution Theories
Social Beliefs and Judgments

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


Attribution Theories
Social Beliefs and Judgments

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


Self-Fulfilling Beliefs
Social Beliefs and Judgments

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


Expectations and Attributions
Social Beliefs and Judgments

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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