Week 2 Cloud Computing Lecture 4
Week 2 Cloud Computing Lecture 4
Week 2 Cloud Computing Lecture 4
Lecture 4
Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
Understand the main characteristics of cloud computing
Compare Classical Data Center with Cloud Computing
Describe the key elements of a CDC (compute, storage, and network)
Describe compute virtualization
Discuss the compute virtualization techniques
Explain the virtual machine (VM) components
Describe resource management and resource optimization techniques
Cloud Computing Definition
Cloud Computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool
of configurable and reliable computing resource (E.G., Networks, servers, storage, applications,
services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal consumer management effort
or service provider interaction.
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Service Model
Three service models.
1. Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS): Use provider’s applications over a network.
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Characteristics of cloud computing as per
NIST
• Characteristics of cloud computing as per NIST According to NIST ( National
institute of standards and technology) there are five essential characteristics of
cloud computing:-
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Characteristics of cloud computing as per
NIST
2. Broad Network Access
• Cloud capabilities are available over the network and accessed through
standard mechanism that promote use by heterogeneous clients such as
mobile phones, laptops.
3. Resource pooling
• The providers computing resources are pooled together to serve multiple
customers, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned
and reassigned according to the customers demand.
• Examples of resources include:
• storage, processing, memory, and network bandwidth.
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Characteristics of cloud computing as per
NIST
4. Rapid elasticity
• Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released, in some cases
automatically, to scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with
demand.
5. Measured service
• Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing
transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.
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Important Elements in the Origination of Cloud Computing:
ITEM DESCRIPTION
Utility Computing The packaging and delivery of computing resources to a customer who pays for these
resources as a metered service when needed. The objective is to use services effectively while
reducing associated cost.
Grid Computing The application of the processing power of multiple networked computing resources to solve a
specific problem. It is a form of parallel processing conducted on a network of computers. In
grid computing, severs, storage and network are combine to form powerful computing
resource nodes that can be dynamically provision as needed.
Autonomic Computing The functioning of a computer system without external control. The term is based on the
autonomic nervous system of the human body.
The objective of autonomic computing is to have the computer perform critical and complex
functions without any major intervention Platform by a user.
Platform Virtualization physical computing resources into multiple execution environments, including servers,
applications, and operating systems. Virtualization is based on the concept of a virtual machine
running on a physical computing platform.
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Important Elements in the Origination of Cloud Computing:
ITEM DESCRIPTION
Software as a Service A software distribution and deployment model in which applications are provided to customers as a
(SaaS) service. The applications can run on the users’ computing systems or the provider’s Web servers.
SaaS provides for efficient patch management and promotes collaboration.
Service Oriented A set of services that communicate with each other, whose interfaces are
Architectures (SOA) known and described, whose functions are loosely coupled (the type of
interface is not tied to the implementation), and whose use can be
incorporated by multiple organizations.
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Traditional Data Center
Vs
Cloud Based Data Centers
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The main difference between a cloud and a data center is that a
cloud is an off-premise form of computing that stores data on
the Internet, whereas a data center refers to on-premise
hardware that stores data within an organization's local network.
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Key Requirements of a Data Center
Availability
Availability
Data
Data Integrity
Integrity Performance
Performance
Manageability
Manageability
Security
Security Flexibility
Flexibility
Scalability
Scalability
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Classic Data Center (CDC) Components
CDC
Classic Data Center
A CDC is a facility containing physical
IT resources including compute,
network, and storage
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1- Application found in a CDC
• Commonly deployed applications in a CDC
• Business applications:
• E-mail, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Decision Support System (DSS), Data
Warehouse (DW)
• Management applications
• Resource management, performance tuning
• Data protection applications
• Backup, replication
• Security applications
• Authentication, antivirus
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2- Database Management System (DBMS)
• Database is a structured way to store data in logically organized tables
that are interrelated
• Helps to optimize the storage and retrieval of data
• DBMS is a collection of computer programs that control the creation,
maintenance, and use of databases
• Processes an application’s request for data
• Instructs the OS to retrieve the appropriate data from storage
• Popular DBMS examples are MySQL, Oracle RDBMS, SQL Server, etc.
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3- Compute
Compute
A resource that runs applications with the help of underlying computing
components
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Logical Components of Compute
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4- Classical Datacenter Storage
• The type of storage device used is based on the type of data and the rate at
which it is created and used
• A storage device may use magnetic, optical, or solid state media
• Examples: Disk drive (magnetic), CD (optical), Flash drive (solid state)
• Storage Device Options
• Tape Drive
• Optical Disks
• Disk Drive
• Solid State Drive
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Which is best? Cloud Vs. Traditional DC
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How much does a data center cost to run?
• It depends on these things:
• How big it is.
• Where it is.
• What it’s doing.
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The cost of running a traditional data center
• Although each data center is a little different, the average cost per year to operate a
large data center is usually between $10 million to $25 million.
• 58 percent: Heating, air conditioning, property and sales taxes, and labor costs. (In fact,
as much as 40 percent of annual costs are labor alone.)
• The reality of the traditional data center is further complicated because most of the costs
maintain existing (and sometimes aging) applications and infrastructure. Some estimates
show80 percent of spending on maintenance.
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The cost of running a traditional data center
• Most data centers run a lot of different applications and have a wide
variety of workloads.
• Many of the most important applications running in data centers are
actually used by only a relatively few employees.
• Some applications that run on older systems are taken off the market
(no longer sold) but are still necessary for business.
• Because of the nature of these applications, it probably wouldn’t be
cost effective to move these environments to the cloud.
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THE COST OF RUNNING A CLOUD DATA CENTER
• In this case cloud data centers means data centers with 10,000 or more servers
on site, all devoted to running very few applications that are built with consistent
infrastructure components (such as racks, hardware, OS, networking, and so on).
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Virtualization
• Traditionally, server virtualization was viewed as a cost-saving measure.
However, it has evolved to the point that it is now considered to have
value. both in providing flexibility in the utilization of resources and as
an enabler of cloud computing.
• Benefits of virtualization
• Server consolidation
• Isolation
• Encapsulation
• Hardware independence
• Reduced cost
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Compute Virtualization
Compute Virtualization
Compute Virtualization
It is a technique of masking or abstracting the physical compute hardware and enabling multiple
operating systems (OSs) to run concurrently on a single or clustered physical machine(s).
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Need for Compute Virtualization
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Hypervisor
Hypervisor
It is a software that allows multiple operating systems (OSs) to run concurrently on a physical
machine and to interact directly with the physical hardware.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmrJlWDG0yk
Types of Hypervisor
APP
Hypervisor
Hypervisor
x86 Architecture
Operating System
x86 Architecture
CPU NIC Card Memory Hard Disk CPU NIC Card Memory Hard Disk
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Virtual Machine Files
File name Description
Virtual BIOS File • Stores the state of the virtual machine’s (VM’s) BIOS
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Virtual Machine Hardware
Parallel Serial/Com USB controller
port ports and USB devices
Mouse
Graphic card Virtual Machine
Keyboard
RAM
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VM Hardware Components
Virtual Hardware Description
• Virtual machine (VM) can be configured with one or more virtual CPUs
vCPU
• Number of CPUs allocated to a VM can be changed
• Amount of memory presented to the guest operating system (OS)
vRAM
• Memory size can be changed based on requirement
• Stores VM's OS and application data
Virtual Disk
• A VM should have at least one virtual disk
vNIC • Enables a VM to connect to other physical and virtual machines
Virtual DVD/CD-ROM Drive • It maps a VM’s DVD/CD-ROM drive to either a physical drive or an .iso file
Virtual Floppy Drive • It maps a VM’s floppy drive to either a physical drive or an .flp file
Virtual SCSI Controller • VM uses virtual SCSI controller to access virtual disk
Virtual USB Controller • Maps VM’s USB controller to the physical USB controller
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CIS-4403: Solutions
Cloud Computing Characteristics
• So what are its characteristics?
• Described as: On-demand computing, pay as you go, software as a service,
utility computing
• Usually costs, but cost-effective
• Virtualization
• Scalable (expand on current hardware)
• Elastic (dynamically add hardware as needed)
• Distributed and highly parallel approach
• Emphasizes availability
• Replication, replication, replication …
Elastic
• Cloud infrastructure used depends on application
• Only need one server to run small job OR
• Massive number of servers needed
• ELASTIC – unlimited resources
• Cloud provider keeps adding hardware to satisfy your
demand
The Result of Clouds:
Different Computing Model
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
Cloud Service Models
• Software as a Service (SaaS)
• Applications, management and user interfaces provided over a network
IaaS