Project Presentation
Project Presentation
Project Presentation
Arunkumar M.P
Bijesh K.B
Jijo Francis
Lipin A.K
ABOUT
INTRODUCTION
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
SYSTEM COMPONENTS
FAULT LEVEL CALCULATION
EARTHING SYSTEM
EARTH GRID CALCULATION
DESIGN
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
SUBSTATION :
Defined as : An Assembly of apparatus which transforms the characteristics of
Electrical Energy from one form to another.
Thus, a substation may be called as link between the generating stations and
consumers.
The distribution voltages generally used in practice are 66KV, 11KV and 33KV. But
in this project work, we are considering 110KV sub station.
FAULT LEVEL CALCULATION
= 100x100 = 1.8365
5445
Length of ACSR = 5.1 Km
Ohmic impedance of the calculator = 0.292+0.5772
= 0.0841+0.332929
= 0.6458/Km
= 0.6458x5.1 = 3.29Ω
% Z = KVA x Z = 3.29x100x1000 = 2.72%
10 x KV2 10x1102
% impedance of 110 KV bus at UDL = 1.8365+2.72
= 4.5565
Fault level = 100x100 = 2194.67MVA
4.5565
Fault current= 2194.6 = 11.53 KA
3x110
% Impedence of 20 MVA Transformer = 15.6%
% Impedence of 100 MVA base = 100x15.6 = 78
20
% Impedence of 11KV side of Transformer
= 78 + 4.5565
= 82.5565
Fault level of 11Kv side of Transformer
= 100 x100 = 121.13 MVA
82.5565
Ac2 = If (tc.Tr.Sr.x104/TCAP)/ln(1+(TmTo)(Ko+To))
Where, If = Fault current = 25980A
Tc = Fault current duration = 1Sec
Ar = Efficient if thermal expansion = 0.00423
Sr = Soil resistively = 20.93 Ω m
TCAP = Thermal capacity /unit volume in J/cm3 0C
= SHxSWx4.184 = 4.184x0.114x07.8
= 3.749
Where, SH = Specific heat
SW = Specific weight
At 4500C, Tm = Maximum allowable temp in 0c
= 6200C
To = Ambient Temp in 0C
= 500C
KO = (1-Tr) = 216.64
Tr
Tr = reference temperature for material constant
= 20 0C
Earth grid area , Ac2
= 25.980 (1x0.00423x104x20.93/3.749)/
ln(1+(620-50)/(216+50))
= 533501.28m2
AC = 730:41m2
By including earth satellite earth mat the area of
the earth grid can be increased to 075 m2 (35x25)
DESIGN
Conductor size :
Ondor clonk’s formula provides a reasonable
method to compute the area of iron section for
earthing.
A =I t : (74/10g10 (1+(Tm-To)/(234+To)x10-3)
Where , A = Area of iron section in m2
I = rms current in amps
Tm = Max allowable temp in 0C
To = Ambient Temperature in 0C
Max allowable temp for steel in 620oc for
welded joint and 3100C for bolted joints.
Initial design
Assume a preliminary layout of 21mx18m
grid with equally spied conductors and
shown in figure with spacing D=15m grid
burial depth h=0.75m
Grounding mat design :
Considering further expansion fault current
for the design procedure as 259804.
For grounding mat and welded joint are to be
provided.
Area of cross section = A=K I t
= 0.0122-259801 = 317m2
Area of 40mm dia. rod = 40x317 = 1257m2
Hence area of cross section is sufficient earth mat
is designed at a normal spacing of 15m b/w
conductors. As per initial design length of earth
grid including down rods = 36220m
No: of lowers is assumed as 3 and lower foot
resistance as : 10 Ω
Resistance of 3 lowers = 10/3 = 3.33 Ω
Total resistance of line = Resistance of lower +
Resistance of ground wire
Resistance of ground wire :
Type SALOCR
Form 3NYCP
LV 12500/20000
HV 65.7/105.1
Amperes LV 657/1051
ONAN/ONAF
Phase LV 3
50Hz
Gas Wt 8 Kg
230V AC
If, 230V AC
TRANSFORMER CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Gas Wt 9 Kg
11.) ISOLATORS
• Space Factor
• Insulation Security
• Standardization
• Ease of Maintenance
• Cost
Type DB
KV Rating 123
Voltage 110/220Kv
Ratio 300-150-75-/1/1/1
Power 60VA
I Therm 24/12/6
1 Dyn 60/30/15
TRANSFORMER CTs (TCT-4)
Sl No. 1R,2R,3R
Type NPOULVZ-R
1995
Frequency 50 Hz