The Review Process

THE REVIEW
PROCESS
Review Of
Literature
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
◆ It is a process of compiling , classifying and

evaluating what other researchers have written on a
certain topic.
◆ It can be a partial component of a research
undertaking, but it can also stand alone as a self
contained review of writing on a subject.
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
◆ The review of literature is a crucial aspect of research, and serves the following
purposes:
1. It helps in placing the work being reviewed in its context.
2. It describes the relationship of each work to the research being undertaken.
3. It identifies new ways to interpret and shed light to various gaps based from
previous researches.
4. It helps in solving conflicts among seemingly contradictory previous studies.
5. It identifies the areas that are subject to prior study to prevent duplication of
efforts.
6. It points to another research undertaking .
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Types of Reading
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ELEMENTARY READING
• This is the most common kind of reading. It consist
merely of the recognition of letters and basic
sounds and the literal comprehension of sentences.
It is primarily useful that an individual can
recognise letters and sounds correctly, but is better
if he or she comprehends the ideas presented in
each sentence after reading.
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SYSTEMATIC SKIMMING
• Guidelines for systematic skimming.
a. The title page and the preface of the abstract should be quickly read.
b. The table of contents should be studied carefully.
c. The index should be checked.
d. The publisher’s blurb or any boldface excerpts should be read.
e. From the reader’s knowledge of the general nature of the book’s or article’s
contents, chapters or sections that seem pivotal should be carefully scrutinized.
f. Finally, the whole paper should be leafed through.
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ANALYTIC READING
• The reader asks questions to understand the article.
• Guidelines to analytical reading:
 It should be discerned whether the findings reported in a book or article satisfy
the canons of science or whether they were arrived at through personal trial and
error, or was often called “ conventional wisdom”.
 The book or article should be roughly scanned.
 Important and unfamiliar words should be noted and defined.
 The most important sentences should be marked.
 The basic argument and premises should be identified.
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COMPARATIVE READING
◆ This is the highest level of reading which requires
the reader to place what he or she is currently
reading in relation to other materials he or she has
previously read. This type of reading helps the
reader identify the similarities and differences
between two or more articles in terms of their
variables and propositions.
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Conducting a
Review of
Literature
Steps in Reviewing Literature
1. Finding Relevant Materials. It is the researcher’s
priority to enrich his or her work by reading
literatures containing important data relative to his or
her problem in order to fully comprehend the
variables being studied.
11
2. Actual Reading. The researcher must thoroughly

critique the contents of the materials. Critiquing
involves asking questions which at this stage should
focus on the variables.
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3. Note-taking. The researcher must take notes,

putting only the important data in his or her own
words. It is useful especially when the researcher is
already synthesizing and compiling ideas from the
different references.
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Strategies in Reading Literature
1. Previewing. It is the process of reading to get the

idea of the things to look for in the text.
Systematic Skimming is done here.
2. Highlighting. It is done physically by marking
the text to identify key details and to note
relationship among ideas.
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Strategies in Reading Literature
3. Annotating. Recording of reader’s reaction as

marginal notes. In these notes, one defines new
words, identify allusions and patterns of language or
imagery , summarize plot relationships, etc.
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RELATED
LITERATURE
The related literature examines the facts and
principles from other resources that are related to
present study. It also serves to clarify the different
variables being studied
\
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Writing a Review of
Literature
Fink (2009) defines a literature review as a
presentation of the analysis, patterns, and critiques of
individual sources or the body of literature as a
whole. Its purpose is to offer a wide review of
referred scholarly articles, and other sources like
journals, theses, and dissertations. \
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Essential Elements of Literature Review
1. Overview of the topic or subject, issues, or theories to be

considered.
2. Division of works such as those that support a particular
position, those against, and those that offer other ideas.
3. Explanation of the comparison of gathered literature.
4. Conclusion and best arguments. \
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Stages observed in writing a literature review:
1. Problem formulation \
2. Literature search
3. Data evaluation
4. Analysis and interpretation
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Format of a Literature Review
1. The Introduction
a. The general problems and the variables should be
defined.
b. Every important data should be highlighted.
c. The criteria in selecting the literature should be
considered.
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2. The Body
a. Chosen approaches, conclusion of authors,
specific objective, and the like should be included.
b. Studies and literature should be summarized.
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2. The Body
In choosing the literature the following should be considered.
I. Provenance
II. Objectivity
III. Persuasiveness
IV. Value
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3. The Conclusion
a. Major contributions of the studies should be summarized
b. Current development and new information should be
evaluated
c. The review should be concluded by relating the gathered
data to the central theme or problem.
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RELATED STUDIES
The review of related studies is an essential part of planning and research
stage of the study. It serves as the basis of analysis of results because it allows the
researcher to compare and contrast his or her findings with those of past studies.
The gathered studies are related to the present study when they have the
following similarities:
1. They use the same variables, sub-variables, concepts, or constructs
2. They have the same subject or topic.
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In writing a review of related study, the following data must
be indicated:
1. The name of the author, the date, and the setting of the
study.
2. The title
3. The salient findings
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The Review Process

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THE REVIEW

◆ It is a process of compiling , classifying and

2. Actual Reading. The researcher must thoroughly

3. Note-taking. The researcher must take notes,

1. Previewing. It is the process of reading to get the

3. Annotating. Recording of reader’s reaction as

1. Overview of the topic or subject, issues, or theories to be

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